(When) Is job-finding via personal contacts a meaningful concept for social network analysis? A comment to

Chua (2011) argues that in a meritocratic context, institutions restrict the usefulness of social networks in exerting influence on job seekers’ earnings. Regressing job-finding via personal contacts on earnings, he finds negative effects of influence via personal contacts, especially for the well-educated and individuals working in the state sector. In this comment, I argue that these results are ambiguous because (1) the analysis does not sufficiently distinguish between job ‘search’ methods and job ‘finding’ methods, (2) job-finding method indicates information flow rather than a personal contact's influence, and (3) it remains unclear whether Chua's analysis reflects the effect of network usage in job search per se or the effect of self-selection into network usage by individuals with low earning potential.     

基于自组网技术的燃气无线抄表系统研究

为解决现阶段燃气无线抄表系统数据采集中无线网络不稳定、路由协议复杂、自修复能力薄弱等问题，提出并设计了一种基于cc1101无线传送模块的树形拓扑结构无线自组网系统。系统中主要对数据采集层路由协议和硬件实现进行了研究和设计，分析了该燃气无线抄表系统与传统燃气无线抄表系统的不同之处，设计了该系统数据采集层网络传输协议和总体结构。无线节点建在穿透力强的433 MHz的频率下进行通信，保证了系统自组网的稳定快速。     

DS18B20在油气井场温度监控系统中的应用

油气井场温度监控系统属于井场重要的安全保护装置,此系统用单片机+串行智能传感器来组成,广泛使用了串行芯片。介绍了系统硬件流程图,以及温度传感器芯片DS18B20的工作流程,详细说明了获取温度传感器序列号的ROM操作命令、存储器操作命令。     

A divergence of opinion: how those involved in child and family social work are responding to the challenges of the Internet and social media

This discussion paper suggests that there is possibly a divergence of opinion taking place within the field of child and family social work and that the stated positions are influencing how practitioners identify and deal with risks and opportunities afforded by the Internet and social media. The suggested divergence is examined and the conclusion drawn is that what is taking place mirrors the fact that the introduction of any new technology inevitably brings with it division and debate. In seeking to understand the reaction to digital technology, consideration is given to a series of wider social discourses on childhood and risk, which includes the controversial notion that the profession is a harbinger of moral panic and that the management of risk has been broadened from child protection to child safety. The discussion paper concludes by calling for child and family social work practitioners to have a balanced debate that needs to be informed not only by current research but also by an open and honest discussion about personal use and an acknowledgement that there will be difficult moral and ethical questions to work through.     

The strengths of close ties: Taiwanese online entrepreneurship,gender and intersectionality

This article examines entrepreneurs who have started innovative Internet and mobile technology companies in Taiwan because they are at the forefront of industrial changes in the country. Similar to findings in Europe and the USA, education and careers in technology in Taiwan remain dominated by men. However, I argue that the gender inequality of the sector is partly the result of the fact that small new enterprises rely on family support and close social networks. Few women are able to join the sector with male friends and colleagues due to the close social ties of the founding teams (homophily). Among my female interviewees, half have started their nascent companies with their husbands and male partners (husband and wife teams). However, gender, family backgrounds and childcare responsibilities affect both men and women, and the interviewees in my study were open in discussing these personal factors in relation to being entrepreneurs. This article argues that starting an Internet company is a family decision, discussed within the household. Intersectionality, not only gender, explains the founders’ decision to start a company, and their choice of co-founders.     

Analytic strategies for longitudinal networks with missing data

Missing data are often problematic when analyzing complete longitudinal social network data. We review approaches for accommodating missing data when analyzing longitudinal network data with stochastic actor-based models. One common practice is to restrict analyses to participants observed at most or all time points, to achieve model convergence. We propose and evaluate an alternative, more inclusive approach to sub-setting and analyzing longitudinal network data, using data from a school friendship network observed at four waves (N = 694). Compared to standard practices, our approach retained more information from partially observed participants, generated a more representative analytic sample, and led to less biased model estimates for this case study. The implications and potential applications for longitudinal network analysis are discussed.     

Information geodesics for gamma models of communication clustering

Recently, Akyildiz called for further work on non-Poisson models for communication arrivals in distributed networks such as cellular phone systems. The basic ‘random’ model for stochastic events is the Poisson process; for events on a line this resuits in an exponential disiribuuon of intervals between events. Network designers and managers need too monotor and quantify call clustering in order to optimize resaurce usage; the natural reference state from which to measure departures is that arising from a Poisson, process of calls. Here we consider gamma distributions, which contain exponential distributions as a special case. The surface representing gamma models has a natural Riemannian information metric and we obtain some geodesic sprays for this metric. The exponential distributions form a 1-dimensional subspace of the 2-dimensional space of all gamma distributions, so we have an isometric embedding of the random model as a subspace of the gamma models. This geometry may provide an appropriate structure on which to represent clustering as quantifiable departures from randomness and on which to impose dynamic control algorithms to optimize traffic at receiving nodes in distributed communication networks. In practice, we may expect correlation between call arrival times and call duration, reflecting for example peaks of different users of internet services. This would give rise to a twisted product of two surfaces with the twisting controlled by the correlation. Though bivariate gamma models do exist, such as Kibble's, none has tractabie information geometry nor sufficiently general marginal gammas,but a simulation method of approach is suggested.     

Multilevel embeddedness: The case of the global fisheries governance complex

This paper explores how bilateral and multilateral clustering are embedded in a multilevel system of interdependent networks. We argue that in complex systems in which bilateral and multilateral relations are themselves interrelated, such as global fisheries governance, embeddedness cannot be reduced to unipartite or bipartite clustering but implicates multilevel closure. We elaborate expectations for ties’ multilevel embeddedness based on network theory and substantive considerations and explore them using a multilevel ERGM. We find states’ bilateral ties are embedded in their shared membership in multilateral fisheries agreements, which is itself clustered around foci represented by similar content and treaty secretariats.     

Explaining the Sexuality Gap in Protest Participation

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the relationship between sexual orientations and the protest actions of adults in the United States. Drawing from General Social Survey data from 1996 to 2004, we found that lesbians, gays, and bisexuals were more than twice as likely to protest as heterosexuals. To account for this sexuality gap, we used Patrick Egan’s (2008) political distinctiveness theories to identify possible underlying causes of these protesting differences. After running several regressions, we found that sexuality and protesting relationships were moderated by issues of educational attainment, marital statuses, metropolitan residencies, political partisanships, governmental grievances, and gender role expectations.