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71.
The prevalence and consequences of eviction have transformed the lived experience of urban poverty in America, yet little is known about why some families avoid eviction while others do not. Applying discrete hazard models to a unique dataset of renters, this study empirically evaluates individual, neighborhood, and social network characteristics that explain disparities in displacement from housing. Family size, job loss, neighborhood crime and eviction rates, and network disadvantage are identified as significant and robust predictors of eviction, net of missed rental payments and other relevant factors. This study advances urban sociology and inequality research and informs policy interventions designed to prevent eviction and stem its consequences. 相似文献
72.
The “community liberated” thesis has been influential in describing contemporary social support systems. Specifically, “community liberated” argues that people do not seek support in their immediate neighborhood but rather entertain a network of far-flung ties to support-providing alters. This paper uses personal network data from six countries – Australia, Germany, the US, Austria, Hungary and Italy – to evaluate this argument and shows that the degree of liberation of one's community is strongly linked to one's socioeconomic status – specifically, one's education level. Additionally, we describe strong country-level heterogeneity in the spatial dynamics of personal support networks and find national contexts to be moderating the effect of education on community liberation, especially in Italy and Hungary, thus suggesting network geographic dispersion to be linked to national economic structures and labor markets. The paper thus elucidates the effect of two different, yet related social contexts on personal networks: the class context and the national context. 相似文献
73.
Mareike Bünning 《Community, Work & Family》2017,20(3):273-291
A lack of adequate childcare can delay mothers’ return to the labor market after childbirth. This paper examines whether social support with childcare by kin and friends facilitates maternal employment in the first 72 months after childbirth. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 1993–2009, a comparison of natives (n?=?1409) and migrants (n?=?411) in corporative-conservative western Germany with mothers in former socialist eastern Germany (n?=?528) shows that kinship support is positively associated with maternal employment when public childcare is limited. Western German and migrant mothers return to work sooner if they are surrounded by kin. But kin do not provide support for maternal employment in eastern Germany, where public childcare is more easily accessible and continuous female employment is a prevalent social norm. Friendship networks, by contrast, are most valuable for maternal employment if they complement public childcare. 相似文献
74.
As social movements relying on the weak ties found in social networks have spread around the world, researchers have taken several approaches to understanding how networks function in such instances as the Arab Spring. While social scientists have primarily relied on survey or content analysis methodology, network scientists have used social network analysis. This research combines content analysis with the automated techniques of network analysis to determine the roles played by those using Twitter to communicate during the Turkish Gezi Park uprising. Based on a network analysis of nearly 2.4 million tweets and a content analysis of a subset of 5126 of those tweets, we found that information sharing was by far the most common use of the tweets and retweets, while tweets that indicated leadership of the movement constituted a small percentage of the overall number of tweets. Using automated techniques, we experimented with coded variables from content analysis to compute the most discriminative tokens and to predict values for each variable using only textual information. We achieved 0.61 precision on identifying types of shared information. Our results on detecting the position of user in the protest and purpose of the tweets achieved 0.42 and 0.33 precision, respectively, illustrating the necessity of user cooperation and the shortcomings of automated techniques. Based on annotated values of user tweets, we computed similarities between users considering their information production and consumption. User similarities are used to compute clusters of individuals with similar behaviors, and we interpreted average activities for those groups. 相似文献
75.
In most of the existing specialized literature, monitoring regression models are a special case of profile monitoring. However, not every regression model always represents appropriately a profile data structure. This is clearly the case of the Weibull regression model (WRM) with common shape parameter γ. Even though it might be thought that existing methodologies (especially likelihood-ratio (LRT)-based methods) for monitoring generalized linear profiles can also be successfully applied to monitoring regression models with time-to-event response, it will be shown in this paper that those methodologies work fairly acceptable just for data structures with 1000 observations at least approximately. It was found out that some corrections, often referred to as Bartlett's adjustments, are needed to be implemented in order to improve the accuracy of using the asymptotic distributional properties of the LRT statistic for carrying out the monitoring of WRM with relatively small and moderate dimensions of the available datasets. Simulation studies suggest that the use of the aforementioned corrections make the resulting charts work quite acceptable when available data structures contain 30 observations at least. Detection abilities of the proposed schemes improve as dataset dimension increases. 相似文献
76.
M. Pear Hossain M. Hafidz Omar Muhammad Riaz 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2017,87(3):594-606
Control charts have been popularly used as a user-friendly yet technically sophisticated tool to monitor whether a process is in statistical control or not. These charts are basically constructed under the normality assumption. But in many practical situations in real life this normality assumption may be violated. One such non-normal situation is to monitor the process variability from a skewed parent distribution where we propose the use of a Maxwell control chart. We introduce a pivotal quantity for the scale parameter of the Maxwell distribution which follows a gamma distribution. Probability limits and L-sigma limits are studied along with performance measure based on average run length and power curve. To avoid the complexity of future calculations for practitioners, factors for constructing control chart for monitoring the Maxwell parameter are given for different sample sizes and for different false alarm rate. We also provide simulated data to illustrate the Maxwell control chart. Finally, a real life example has been given to show the importance of such a control chart. 相似文献
77.
78.
Benjamin T. Gurrentz 《Journal of marriage and the family》2017,79(4):1125-1143
The study of family and religion has yet to elaborate on the social ties that connect these two important and changing institutions. Specifically, how does family formation (i.e., marriage and childrearing) impact social ties to religious communities? Using longitudinal data from the Portraits of American Life Study (2006–2012) and fixed effects regression models that control for time‐stable heterogeneity (N = 1,314), this study tests the effects of marriage and childrearing on changes in close congregational social ties. Fixed effects estimates suggest that marriage actually decreases close social ties to religious congregations, whereas rearing children within marital unions increases them. Thus, it is children, not marriage per se, that actually integrates married couples into religious communities. These contrasting effects tend to be the strongest among young adults, but they weaken with age as well as marital duration. 相似文献
79.
80.
Isabel Baño-Piñero María Emilia Martínez-Roche Manuel Canteras-Jordana César Carrillo-García Esteban Orenes-Piñero 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(4):e239-e244