地方高等师范院校的转型与学科建设

教学型大学向教学研究型大学转型是一个系统工程,它涉及大学办学理念、学校价值取向、人才培养观念等方面的转型。学科建设在学校转型中具有特殊的重要性。认清教学研究型大学的本质和属性,构建富有特色的学科体系,培育特色和优势学科、造就高水平的学科队伍,大力发展研究生教育是转型的主要任务。     

论语言学中转换规则的必要性

转换规则已经成为 2 0世纪语言学中最为重要的概念之一 ,对我国的变换分析影响很大 ,近年来出现的对汉语空语类的分析也与转换相关。但由于转换规则的必要性没有得到充分论证 ,所以现在有些西方学者又打算取消转换规则 ,主要理由是转换规则的生成能力太强。实际上正是转换规则生成力强 ,才克服了直接成分分析的不充分性。转换规则是必要的。转换规则是继词类、结构关系和直接成分之后又一个反映组合关系的初始概念 ,转换规则的存在说明人类语言的组合规则不完全是直接成分的线性组合     

Bounds of moment generating functions of some life distributions

In this article we show that if a life has new better than used in expectation (NBUE) ageing property and if the mean life is finite then the moment generating function exists and is finite. In fact, the moment generating function is shown to be bounded above by that of the exponential distribution with the same mean. Analogous results are also proven for two much bigger families of life distribution, namely, the new better than renewal used in expectation (NBRUE) and the renewal new is better than used in expectation (RNBUE) and the renewal new better than renewal used in expectation (RNBRUE), provided that the life has finite two moments. Further, stronger results are also obtained for the smaller new better than used version of the above classes.     

试论教育理念研究成果转化的路径阻隔

教育研究的理论成果转化的路径阻隔主要为 :一是政府意欲采用的带有宏观指导意义、推动整体性教育体制改革的研究成果 ,由于中间层次的障碍过多而难以被准确执行 ;二是有些教育基层组织和教师个人意欲采用的教育研究成果 ,却与当时的教育政策或教育体制存在矛盾 ,其实践合理性缺乏来自教育政策方面的支持。其形成主要原因为 :一是现行的教育评估体系中缺乏要求教育必须创新的内容 ;二是基层教育部门主动创新的成本较高、风险较大 ;三是教育指导思想中过强的政治意识 ,使教育自主性的逻辑运动和创新活动受到抑制 ;四是现行教育系统吸收教育研究成果的能力受到一定的限制     

解决民生问题的路径研究综述

切实保障和改善民生是我国当前的重大现实问题。学术界就解决民生问题的路径提出多种观点,可以概括为政府转型与公共政策、体制改革与制度创新、公共产品与民生财政、道德理念与法制保障四大路径。联系实践继续深入研究这些路径和提出新路径,最终形成立体的路径图式,是未来研究的重要方面。     

转型期执政党的执政合法性重塑研究

执政党的执政合法性是指在社会政治生活中民众对执政党的执政地位的一种自愿认同、拥护、信仰和服从。转型时期执政党的执政合法性面临诸多挑战。执政党的执政合法性重塑应从价值取向和实现途径两方面着手：一方面，以和谐、民主、法治、绩效、创新和人本作为转型期执政党执政合法性重塑的基本价值取向；别方面，以提高执政的有效性、创新和发展意识形态、健全和完善制度建设、加强群众和舆论监督以及提升公民政党社会化程度作为转型期执政党执政合法性重塑的具体实现途径。     

论民工代际变迁及农村家庭模式的转变——新老农民工与家庭组织变化关系研究

改革开放以来,中国农村家庭模式在社会变迁的过程中发生着代际变化,作为青壮年劳动力的两代农民工在其独特的生存环境与意识形态影响下,家庭组织结构与功能已逐渐转变。新生代农民工在第一代农民工的家庭长大,深受家庭与社会环境的影响,并形成其独有的家庭观念和价值体系,希望能脱离农村到城市寻求发展,落地生根,农村家庭对其成员的向心力亦逐渐减弱,形成了一种相对松散的家庭模式。近年来出现的“留守老人”、“留守儿童”等问题都反映了农村家庭组织状态的变化。新老两代农民工在生存状态及意识发展方面的差异必然导致现代农村家庭结构和功能的转变。     

试论上古音幽宵两部与侵缉谈盍四部的通转

以往的上古音构拟，幽宵部无相应的阳声韵部，侵缉谈盍部无相应的阴声的部．整个音系在结构上存在着缺陷。本文从上古文献、汉藏比较及发音机理诸方面论证了幽宵部跟侵缉谈盍部的通转，解决了汉语上古音的构拟中结构缺陷的问题。     

Exponential progressive step-stress life-testing with link function based on Box–Cox transformation

In order to quickly extract information on the life of a product, accelerated life-tests are usually employed. In this article, we discuss a k-stage step-stress accelerated life-test with M-stress variables when the underlying data are progressively Type-I group censored. The life-testing model assumed is an exponential distribution with a link function that relates the failure rate and the stress variables in a linear way under the Box–Cox transformation, and a cumulative exposure model for modelling the effect of stress changes. The classical maximum likelihood method as well as a fully Bayesian method based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is developed for inference on all the parameters of this model. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate all the methods of inference developed here, and a comparison of the ML and Bayesian methods is also carried out.     

Bayesian analysis of single-molecule experimental data

Summary.  Recent advances in experimental technologies allow scientists to follow biochemical processes on a single-molecule basis, which provides much richer information about chemical dynamics than traditional ensemble-averaged experiments but also raises many new statistical challenges. The paper provides the first likelihood-based statistical analysis of the single-molecule fluorescence lifetime experiment designed to probe the conformational dynamics of a single deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hairpin molecule. The conformational change is initially treated as a continuous time two-state Markov chain, which is not observable and must be inferred from changes in photon emissions. This model is further complicated by unobserved molecular Brownian diffusions. Beyond the simple two-state model, a competing model that models the energy barrier between the two states of the DNA hairpin as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process has been suggested in the literature. We first derive the likelihood function of the simple two-state model and then generalize the method to handle complications such as unobserved molecular diffusions and the fluctuating energy barrier. The data augmentation technique and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are developed to sample from the posterior distribution desired. The Bayes factor calculation and posterior estimates of relevant parameters indicate that the fluctuating barrier model fits the data better than the simple two-state model.