Attributions of Blame among Victims of Child Sexual Abuse: Findings from a Community Sample

ABSTRACT

According to the attribution theory, negative outcomes of child sexual abuse (CSA) are thought to vary depending on whether CSA victims attribute the abuse to internal or external factors, respectively, self-blame and perpetrator-blame. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify abuse characteristics and attitudes that influence blame attributions among CSA victims from a community sample. Data from respondents with a history of CSA (N = 1,496) have been used in predicting blame attributions; perpetrator-blame, self-blame, or both. Results from a multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that attitudes toward gender roles had a significant effect on blame: victims were more likely to blame themselves when they endorsed more conservative gender attitudes than victims with more liberal attitudes. Implications for this finding are discussed.     

Researching an-'other' minority ethnic community: Reflections of a black female researcher on the intersections of race,gender and other power positions on the research process

There is a dearth of discussion on the methodological dilemmas faced by minority ethnic researchers who research minority ethnic communities of which they are not a part. The paper explores the political and ethical issues involved in a black woman researching South Asian women's lives, analysing the research process, and focusing on issues of choice of research group, access and placing. This paper represents a reflexive account of the research relationships developed in longitudinal qualitative doctoral research between a black (of African descent) postgraduate student and sample of 19 South Asian female student teachers in England and draws on literature of women interviewing women and ethnic or 'race' matched research. The methods employed were documentary analysis, observing meetings, a focus group, two student questionnaires, one-to-one interviews with staff and group and one-to-one interviews with South Asian female student teachers. It is argued that whilst social characteristics such as gender, language, religion and culture are important in determining notions of commonality and difference, a shared experience of racism between the researched and the researcher may affect the research relationship most significantly.     

Observed Infant Reactions During Live Interparental Conflict

Associations between interparental conflict and infant reactions were examined. Infants' history of exposure to interparental conflict and infant reactive temperament were examined as moderators. A community sample of 74 infants, aged 6–14 months, participated with their parents. Behavioral observations were made of parents' marital conflict and their infants' reactions. Parents reported on their emotional states during conflict, infants' history of exposure to interparental conflict, and infant temperament. Multilevel modeling indicated that infants showed differential responses to marital conflict; destructive and depressive conflict were associated with increased infant discussion attending and negative reactions, whereas constructive conflict was associated with decreased discussion attending and negative reactions. Infants' history of exposure to marital conflict and infant reactive temperament emerged as moderators.     

A Preliminary Examination of the Effects of Observer Presence on Work-Related Behavior in a Simulated Office

The current study evaluated the effects of prolonged observer presence on individuals' work-related behavior within sessions and across sessions. Participants were three undergraduate students who transcribed articles at a computer workstation in a simulated office setting. Overall, participants demonstrated increases and decreases in their work-related behavior in the presence of an observer. The demonstration of spontaneous recovery suggests that those decreases were due to fatigue, not habituation. Although limitations exist in the current study, this study represents an initial step toward examining behavioral habituation in humans to prolonged observer presence. Future researchers are encouraged to conduct analog studies with more participants, and various observer presence schedules, to determine whether performance changes to direct observation are habituation, fatigue, attention-related changes, or some other confound.     

中国外债观察：货币政策值得关注

 本文通过将十年来中国外债余额及变化量与国际收支主要项目的贸易进出口、外商来华直接投资和货币供应量（M2）之间的关系进行量化相关性分析,发现M2与外债的相关性更为明显,而非通常认为的进出口或直接投资,并进而得出需更加关注货币政策与外债之间联系的结论。这对我国外债管理实践提供了一个新的视角和参考。同时,由于目前外债数据披露还不充分,相关研究还有待进一步深化。     

Symbolic computation for approximating distributions of some families of one and two-sample nonparametric test statistics

A conditional saddlepoint approximation was provided by Gatto and Jammalamadaka (1999) for computing the distribution function of many test statistics based on dependent quantities like multinomial frequencies, spacing frequencies, etc. The considerable complexity of the formulas involved can be bypassed by symbolic computation. This article illustrates the effectiveness of symbolic computation to evaluate the saddlepoint approximation for the likelihood ratio, the exponential score, and the Wald-Wolfowitz test statistics. The case of composite hypotheses is also discussed.     

无定向测量附合导线网的数据处理

对工程测量中无定向导线网的平差原理、计算方法作了综合论述,提出了无定向附合导线点坐标求定公式及误差方程式,并对全网平差计算及精度评定进行了分析.建立了运用计算机进行数据处理的模块化功能结构,解决了无定向导线网的平差数据处理问题     

Statistical Analysis of Marginal Count Failure Data

Manufacturers want to assess the quality andreliability of their products. Specifically, they want to knowthe exact number of failures from the sales transacted duringa particular month. Information available today is sometimesincomplete as many companies analyze their failure data simplycomparing sales for a total month from a particular departmentwith the total number of claims registered for that given month.This information—called marginal count data—is, thus,incomplete as it does not give the exact number of failures ofthe specific products that were sold in a particular month. Inthis paper we discuss nonparametric estimation of the mean numbersof failures for repairable products and the failure probabilitiesfor nonrepairable products. We present a nonhomogeneous Poissonprocess model for repairable products and a multinomial modeland its Poisson approximation for nonrepairable products. A numericalexample is given and a simulation is carried out to evaluatethe proposed methods of estimating failure probabilities undera number of possible situations.     

《西太平洋的航海者》对人类学田野调查的启示

<西太平洋的航海者>是人类学领域最有影响的民族志著作之一.它对人类学的田野调查具有以下几个方面的启发意义:在参与观察中理解人的行为的社会意义;文化现象与人的行为的分析必须在整体的视野中完成:田野调查必须注重"勤、细、全、深"四个方面的环节;参与观察对象的选择必须是能够反映文化整体意义的事项.     

饭店类上市公司财务危机预警研究

财务危机预警分析正在成为企业提高管理水平的重要工具。我国上市饭店企业数量减少,经济效益总体差强人意。企业出现危机能够通过财务信息反映出来,将逻辑回归预警模型引入饭店企业管理中,有助于企业建立相应的预警应对机制,及时采取措施,以减少或消除财务危机带给企业的危害,提高上市饭店企业的竞争力。