“凤凰男”能飞多高:中国农转非男性的晋升之路

本文利用全国综合社会调查数据，以地位等级和地位类别概念来分析男性农转非人口的代内流动。研究发现，他们通常有不错的工作，也更容易获得晋升，但他们在从中级晋升到高级时却处于劣势。此外，除了在专业职称晋升上拥有优势之外，他们很难在行政上获得晋升，也难以在体制外获得高级管理职位。本文认为，社会资本缺乏是造成这种现象的可能原因之一。     

B_∞的可积表示

通过完备无限仿射李代数Ａ∞的水平为１的不可约旋量表示给出了Ｂ∞的水平为２的不可约最高权表示     

An Application of Extended Analysis for Ranked Data with Ties

Standard analysis for ranks from two‐way layout data with ties or for 'rank transformed' data with ties can be extended to allow market research to make better comparisons between products. In addition to detecting product average ranks effects, the new analysis allows detection of significant nonlinear effects, umbrella effects, linear contrasts and differences in distributions. The paper presents market research results comparing three types of french fries. There are no differences, according to the standard Friedman analysis. However significant nonlinear effects are found using the new analysis, which give the manufacturer important information.     

老舍小说的北平文化意蕴

北平文化以其浓郁的民族性,表现出中国传统文化的丰富底蕴。老舍先生在小说中常借用众多人物形象及其特殊时代背景,表达出对北平文化的深切关注。从家族文化、商业文化、旗人文化3个方面探求了老舍小说中展现的北平文化意蕴。     

Multivariate signed rank statistics for shift alternatives

Let X ₁,X ₂,…,X _N be successive independent random P-vectors drawn from some continuous diagonally symmetric distribution. The problem of detecting a shift in level of the sequence at an unknown time point M, ≦M ≦ N-1, is studied. Test statistics based on multivariate analogues of the rank statistics derived by BHATTACHARYYA and JOHNSON (1888) are proposed, and their asymptotic properties are investigated.     

Heterogeneity of variance and biased hypothesis tests

This study examined the influence of heterogeneity of variance on Type I error rates and power of the independent-samples Student's t-test of equality of means on samples of scores from normal and 10 non-normal distributions. The same test of equality of means was performed on corresponding rank-transformed scores. For many non-normal distributions, both versions produced anomalous power functions, resulting partly from the fact that the hypothesis test was biased, so that under some conditions, the probability of rejecting H ₀ decreased as the difference between means increased. In all cases where bias occurred, the t-test on ranks exhibited substantially greater bias than the t-test on scores. This anomalous result was independent of the more familiar changes in Type I error rates and power attributable to unequal sample sizes combined with unequal variances.     

Fast Censored Linear Regression

Weighted log‐rank estimating function has become a standard estimation method for the censored linear regression model, or the accelerated failure time model. Well established statistically, the estimator defined as a consistent root has, however, rather poor computational properties because the estimating function is neither continuous nor, in general, monotone. We propose a computationally efficient estimator through an asymptotics‐guided Newton algorithm, in which censored quantile regression methods are tailored to yield an initial consistent estimate and a consistent derivative estimate of the limiting estimating function. We also develop fast interval estimation with a new proposal for sandwich variance estimation. The proposed estimator is asymptotically equivalent to the consistent root estimator and barely distinguishable in samples of practical size. However, computation time is typically reduced by two to three orders of magnitude for point estimation alone. Illustrations with clinical applications are provided.     

Procedures for investigating outliers when estimating in the general univariate linear situation-nonfull rank case

This paper is a continuation of GGD = Golub, Guttman and Dutter (1973) and DG = Dutter and Guttman (1974a), and will deal with the problem of how to handle outliers in the general univariate linear model situation y = Xθ + ?, ? = N(0, σ²I).when X is not of full rank, and where interest is in the estimation of τ = Bθ, where τ is assumed to be estimable. The special case B = X, that is, interest is in η = Xθ, is discussed.     

The Uniform-Laplace Distribution and the D-Test

A new two-sample rank test for location is proposed. This test, called the D-test, is asymptotically efficient for underlying densities which follow a “flat-topped” Laplace distribution. The D-statistic is simple to compute, and the test may be suitable when there is censoring. The D-test includes the median test as a special case.     

Johansen cointegration rank tests under local alternative hypotheses when related drift or linear trend is not dependent upon sample size in VARs

Abstract

This paper discusses Johansen’s likelihood ratio tests to determine the cointegration rank under local alternative hypotheses in the vector autoregressive models (VARs) in which drift or linear trend related to the hypotheses is not dependent upon the sample size, and evaluates related asymptotic properties. We show that the test statistics diverge at the rate of the sample size even under one of local alternative hypotheses, owing to the existence of such a deterministic term. This implies that under our situations, the tests are far more powerful than those under the conventional local alternative hypotheses.