Rank tests for independence based on partially right-censored pairs

Linear rank procedures are developed for testing independence with right-censored matched pairs. It is assumed that censoring Is Independent of the random variables under study. The test statistics are derived as score statistics (Hajek and Sidak, 1967) based on the probability of the generalised rank vectors (Prentice, 1978). Applications to survival data analysis are also discussed.     

Distribution-free tests for umbrella alternatives

In this paper we propose distribution-free teots ebi ujabreiia aAiuatives based on the decomposition of umbrella alternatives into a union of simple order alternatives, The proposed tests are shown to have more balanced power performances, Tables of critical points for the proposed tests are provided.     

Prediction intervals for the random intercept linear model

Our main purpose is to give a method of constructing prediction intervals for the mean of us future observations in the random intercept linear model, A method is also indicated for constructing exact confidence intervals on the expected value of a future observation.     

"搜索引擎竞价排名"的法律规制

互联网搜索引擎的使用已经越来越多,而基于此产生的竞价排名刚刚起步。首先分析了竞价排名的法律性质和发展现状;对部分网络运营企业采取恶意点击、恶意屏蔽、滥用市场地位等手段追逐高额利润的现象进行分析;在没有相应的法律对其规制的前提下,提出了加强运营商自身监管、提高技术手段规避风险,尽快完善法律等建议,以期待竞价排名的健康发展。     

Conditional imtorence about an existing universe from independent interpenetrating samples

This paper is essentially an explanation of how the fundamental concepts of andkrity and conditioaality apply to the data of sample surveys that are carried out by the method of mterpeaetoting samples. The resultkg theory is iMustraled by an kterestiag example on deriving exact statements of conditional probability limits for a laear estimand with data from an agricultural sample survey. The paper also suggests that the study of modem statistical inference may profit from an appreciation of the Syadvada lope of ancient India.     

唐宋官当制度的发展与终结

作为一项正式的法律制度,官当制度经历一个逐步成型、发展成熟、突然消失的过程。它是古代官僚等级特权制度发展到一定阶段的产物。唐代国力强盛、政治开明,立法追求理想的制度之美,官当制度日益定型;宋代政治稳定、经济繁荣,立法执法追求宽和,官当制度发展成熟;南宋时期,法律规范的修订已经透露出统治者对官当制度的不满;元朝以后,官当制度突然消失,但以官抵罪的情况仍盛行不衰。官当制度的发展演变,是以优待士大夫为前提、逐步加重惩治犯罪官员的过程,它使官员能够利用职务抵消法律惩罚,造成官员与平民、官员与官员之间不平等。官当制度走向终结,使周密细致的法律被摒弃,扩大统治者任意执法的空间,这是古代法律制度的倒退,也是中国古代宗法制度强化过程中符合逻辑的结果。     

On small sample properties of the generalized signed rank and generalized sign tests

The generalized signed rank (GSR) and generalized sign (GS) tests were recently proposed for matched pair studies with censored observations (Woolson and Lechenbruch, 1980). The results provided in that paper were asymptotic, and no indicatin of small sample behavior was given. In this paper we report on simulation studied of these statistics for a variety of distributions. We find that the GSR is more powerful than the GS, and that censoring does not affect power greatly. In the original paper, we assumed each member of the pair has the same censoring time. We consider a variant of this in which each member of the pair has a censoring time chosen from a uniform distribution, and the minimum of these times is selected as the censoring time for the pair. It is found that the power of the test is slightly reduced because the number of doubly censored pairs is increased.     

“凤凰男”能飞多高:中国农转非男性的晋升之路

本文利用全国综合社会调查数据，以地位等级和地位类别概念来分析男性农转非人口的代内流动。研究发现，他们通常有不错的工作，也更容易获得晋升，但他们在从中级晋升到高级时却处于劣势。此外，除了在专业职称晋升上拥有优势之外，他们很难在行政上获得晋升，也难以在体制外获得高级管理职位。本文认为，社会资本缺乏是造成这种现象的可能原因之一。     

北魏后期赦对官僚政治的影响

北魏后期,赦对官僚政治的影响,集中表现在官员的品阶、考课、监察和司法等方面。赦使官员的品阶得到普遍提升;赦消除了官员的负面记录,使官员在考课中受到优待,并成为不当考课得阶的挡箭牌;赦使御史的弹劾成为丧失效力的空文,也使法官的断案成为徒劳。赦的如此影响,与北魏后期官僚政治的发达和官僚管理制度的重点有关,也对这些制度建设形成了负面影响。     

Likelihood based inference for the ratio of gamma means

Inference concerning the ratio of two means based two independent two-parameter gamma models with common shape parameter was examined in Booth et al. (1999 Booth, J. G., Hobert, J. P. and Ohman, P. A. (1999). On the probable error of the ratio of two gamma means. Biometrika, 86: 439–452.  [Google Scholar]) and a computationally intensive bootstrap calibration method was developed. In this paper, a likelihood based method is proposed for small sample inference about the ratio of two means of the two-parameter gamma models when the shape parameters may or may not be equal. The proposed method is very simple to use and, as illustrated in simulation studies, gives extremely accurate results.