试析《文心雕龙》的辞章理论

辞章是有效地表达话语信息的艺术形式。辞章学是研究如何有效地运用辞章的科学。它的研究内容包括调音,用字,选词、造句、构篇,辞格和艺法,表达方式,表现风格和语体风格,以及讲究表达和接受的四元六维结构等。刘勰的《文心雕龙》对这些方面都有精彩的论述,它是一部经过周密思考写成的辞章学专著。     

改进的随机截尾模型

在随机截尾模型的基础上,为了保护被调查者的隐私,文章提出了一种改进的调查数量敏感性问题的随机化回答方法,并把改进模型的精度与随机截尾模型、随机截尾Warner模型进行了比较。     

农村税费改革若干问题的思考

农村税费改革在取得显著成效的同时,也出现了诸如新农业税的税率涨幅惊人,农村基层政权及组织运转困难,政府小集团利益的阻挠等。据此提出四项对策和建议:深化与农村水费改革相配套经济体制的改革,逐步下调农业税税率,加快农村基层组织结构的调整和形式的创新,加大中央财政转移支付力度等。     

加强和改进高校党的基层组织建设

根据党的"十六大"对党的基层组织提出的新要求,针对当前高校党的基层组织的现状,提出必须从高校党的基层组织建设的战略地位出发,充分认识加强和改进高校党的基层组织建设的必要性、重要性、艰巨性、复杂性和紧迫性.在实践中努力探求高校党的基层组织建设的规律,使党的基层组织永远保持凝聚力、影响力、创造力和战斗力,以巩固党的群众基础和执政基础.     

简论地方院校的问题与对策

处在改革与发展大潮中的地方院校,尤其是经济欠发达地区的地方院校,存在着地方化的特殊性问题,如生存发展空间小、财政困难、地方政府对学校统得过死、学校外部软环境差、师资队伍不稳定、招生就业困难、各项改革相对滞后等。面对众多的地方化问题,文章有针对性地提出了增强学校凝聚力、提高教师综合素质、推进学校内部“三大改革”、筹及学校办学资金和改善学校发展环境等有效对策,用新的思维、新的举措谋求学校的发展。     

论句首词语的连续复现及相关句式--"秀才秀才,错字布袋"类谚语的多角度考察

"秀才秀才,错字布袋"类句式(以谚语为例),在形式结构、语义结构和语用价值等方面具有特殊性.其形式特征是句首词语连续复现.句子前段("秀才秀才"部分)是一个词的连续复现,不是重叠,也不同于一般所说的连续反复辞格,它作为一种语用现象,具有指称性;句子后段是对前段所指称事物和现象的特点和规律作主观解释,大多是对社会经验和生活经验的概括;该句式是具有一定生成能力的格式;典型地体现了谚语在言语形式、语义传递、语用价值等方面的特点.     

Matching estimators and optimal bandwidth choice

Optimal bandwidth choice for matching estimators and their finite sample properties are examined. An approximation to their MSE is derived, as a basis for a plug-in bandwidth selector. In small samples, this approximation is not very accurate, though. Alternatively, conventional cross-validation bandwidth selection is considered and performs rather well in simulation studies: Compared to standard pair-matching, kernel and ridge matching achieve reductions in MSE of about 25 to 40%. Local linear matching and weighting perform poorly. Furthermore, the scope for developing better bandwidth selectors seems to be limited for ridge matching, but non-negligible for kernel and local linear matching.     

Comparison Between Two Partial Likelihood Approaches for the Competing Risks Model with Missing Cause of Failure

In many clinical studies where time to failure is of primary interest, patients may fail or die from one of many causes where failure time can be right censored. In some circumstances, it might also be the case that patients are known to die but the cause of death information is not available for some patients. Under the assumption that cause of death is missing at random, we compare the Goetghebeur and Ryan (1995, Biometrika, 82, 821–833) partial likelihood approach with the Dewanji (1992, Biometrika, 79, 855–857)partial likelihood approach. We show that the estimator for the regression coefficients based on the Dewanji partial likelihood is not only consistent and asymptotically normal, but also semiparametric efficient. While the Goetghebeur and Ryan estimator is more robust than the Dewanji partial likelihood estimator against misspecification of proportional baseline hazards, the Dewanji partial likelihood estimator allows the probability of missing cause of failure to depend on covariate information without the need to model the missingness mechanism. Tests for proportional baseline hazards are also suggested and a robust variance estimator is derived.     

A Class of Parametric Dynamic Survival Models

A class of parametric dynamic survival models are explored in which only limited parametric assumptions are made, whilst avoiding the assumption of proportional hazards. Both the log-baseline hazard and covariate effects are modelled by piecewise constant and correlated processes. The method of estimation is to use Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations Gibbs sampling with a Metropolis–Hastings step. In addition to standard right censored data sets, extensions to accommodate interval censoring and random effects are included. The model is applied to two well known and illustrative data sets, and the dynamic variability of covariate effects investigated.     

词亦"可以群":论宋代南渡唱和词

宋代南渡时期唱和词在特定时代文化背景下兴盛起来,被词人们广泛运用于交际应酬,充分发挥了表达友情、交流思想、切磋词艺、逞才角技、交游娱乐、宴饮酬赠等重要功用;它向世人昭示:词亦"可以群".南渡唱和词风的盛行,发扬了"诗可以群"的创作传统,增强了词人的群体意识,深化了"以诗为词"的创作观念,推动了词体文学的更大发展,促进了南宋词创作的高度繁荣,其价值意义不容低估.