最优层界确定方法综述

回顾了分层抽样中层界最优解确定的解析方法和迭代方法,对比并评析了不同方法在计算繁杂程度、有效性等方面的优劣,针对偏态总体分层界限最优解的确定,对几何分层法提出了一种改进思路的变异系数法,并提出了进一步研究最优层界最优解确定方法的思路。     

An improved approximation algorithm for uncapacitated facility location problem with penalties

In this paper, we consider an interesting variant of the classical facility location problem called uncapacitated facility location problem with penalties (UFLWP for short) in which each client is either assigned to an opened facility or rejected by paying a penalty. The UFLWP problem has been effectively used to model the facility location problem with outliers. Three constant approximation algorithms have been obtained (Charikar et al. in Proceedings of the Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 642–651, 2001; Jain et al. in J. ACM 50(6):795–824, 2003; Xu and Xu in Inf. Process. Lett. 94(3):119–123, 2005), and the best known performance ratio is 2. The only known hardness result is a 1.463-inapproximability result inherited from the uncapacitated facility location problem (Guha and Khuller in J. Algorithms 31(1):228–248, 1999). In this paper, We present a 1.8526-approximation algorithm for the UFLWP problem. Our algorithm significantly reduces the gap between known performance ratio and the inapproximability result. Our algorithm first enhances the primal-dual method for the UFLWP problem (Charikar et al. in Proceedings of the Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 642–651, 2001) so that outliers can be recognized more efficiently, and then applies a local search heuristic (Charikar and Guha in Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, pp. 378–388, 1999) to further reduce the cost for serving those non-rejected clients. Our algorithm is simple and can be easily implemented. The research of this work was supported in part by NSF through CAREER award CCF-0546509 and grant IIS-0713489. A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference (COCOON’05).     

用数值模拟方法研究气井产量递减

运用数值模拟软件的单井模拟器,建立了异常高压气藏气井和正常压力气藏气井产量递减的单井模型,得到了异常高压气藏气井和正常压力气藏气井的产量递减数据。根据这些产量递减数据,由两种产量递减自动拟合模型分别计算了异常高压气藏气井和正常压力气藏气井的产量递减参数、地层物性参数(k_gh、k_g/Φ)及地质储量。为了提高计算精度,采用根据拟稳态的产量递减数据(去掉不稳定的递减数据)来反求地层参数和地质储量,并根据自动拟合模型的检验标准对计算结果进行了检验。结果表明,由两种产量递减自动拟合模型计算的产量递减参数和地质储量与数值模拟的计算结果非常吻合,再次证明了这两种产量递减模型的适用性。     

价格与技术不确定条件下的发电商碳捕获投资模型及分析

碳捕获与储存技术是降低碳排放的有效方法之一。论文针对碳价和碳捕获技术不确定的情况,构建双重不确定条件下的碳捕获技术投资模型,并在模型求解基础上进行了数值仿真分析,其分析结果表明:1)碳价的波动性将延迟碳捕获技术投资,若碳价的波动性足够大,发电商会选择不投资;2)碳捕获技术进步也将延迟投资,但政策性补贴将抵消该投资延迟。     

P2P应用层数据流量优化

为减少对主干网络带宽的消耗,提出了一套数据流量优化方法。首先通过把Peer间的邻居关系明确划分为物理邻居关系和逻辑邻居关系,并用探路者算法来发现Peer的物理邻居,实现拓扑匹配;然后在数据调度算法中,引入通报/退避机制,把大部分数据传输控制在城域网络内部。通过建立模拟仿真环境进行实验分析,证实了该方法可以减少90%以上的网络数据流量。     

Pricing decisions in a multi-criteria setting for product recovery facilities

Unpredictability in the arrival time and quantity of discarded products at product recovery facilities (PRFs) and varying demand for recovered components contribute to the volatility in their inventory levels. Achieving profit under such capricious inventory levels and stringent environmental legislations remains a challenge to many PRFs. This paper presents a multi-criteria decision model to determine a pricing policy that can simultaneously address two issues: stabilize inventory fluctuations and boost profits. The model considers that PRFs passively accepts discarded products as well as acquires them proactively if necessary. Under a multi-criteria setting, the current work determines prices of reusable and recyclable components to maximize revenue and minimize product recovery costs. A genetic algorithm is employed to solve the multi-criteria decision making problem. Sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the effect of sorting yield, disassembly yield, and reusable component yield on the profits, prices, inventory levels, and disposal quantities.     

基于FPGA的可重构数控系统

利用FPGA丰富的逻辑资源及其内部可编程的特点,文章提出了可重构数控系统硬件设计方法及以FPGA为控制核心的数控系统设计方案,重点分析了对电机的速度控制及与PC机的串行通信等,开发了以FPGA为控制核心的经济型数控系统。其响应速度快,可重构性强,大大减少了系统的外围接口器件,同时有效降低了系统成本。     

卫2块气顶底水油气藏剩余油分布研究

针对卫2块气顶底水油气藏的地质特征,应用地质建模软件建立起构造模型、储层模型,展现出气顶底水油气藏的构造和储层特点,通过建立不同的油层、水层、气层物性解释图版,应用地质统计学方法精确计算出储层非均质参数,描述了该断块储层的非均质特征。在此基础上,应用VIP数模软件描述了剩余油分布特征,讨论了气顶底水油气藏剩余油的分布特征,认为剩余油主要分布在注采系统局部不完善区、未注水的弹性区、未受油水井控制的储量损失区;而剩余气则主要集中在北部地区和顶部砂组。根据所提出的剩余油气分布认识,进行了治理方案部署,经实施后取得了良好的效果,平均年增油2.3×10⁴t,年增气0.2×10⁸m³,年综合递减减缓2.1%。实现了油气同时高效开采。     

铁路隧道下穿施工引起既有铁路线路变形规律研究

近年来,随着我国铁路交通的大规模建设,新建铁路以隧道的方式下穿既有铁路越来越多的出现且在大量的工程当中且影响越来越严重。结合京石高铁下穿既有石德铁路工程,对下穿隧道暗挖段进行了数值模拟计算,分析研究了隧道下穿施工时对既有铁路路基沉降、轨道沉降、轨道水平偏差及轨向偏差的变形规律,得出了隧道下穿施工对既有铁路线路的影响,对工程的设计和施工具有一定的指导意义。     

半埋热油管道传热研究

受飓风、暴雨、泥石流等恶劣天气的影响,埋地管道可能局部处于半掩埋状态。目前半埋管道传热计算多采用“线性插值”模型。建立了半埋热油管道的流（空气水）—管—土耦合传热机理模型,并利用数值模拟手段对不同条件下管道的传热特性进行了研究。结果表明,管道的总传热系数、出口温度和土壤蓄热量与管道的相对埋入面积呈明显的非线性关系;线性模型与机理模型的计算结果在趋势与数值方面均具有较大偏差;管道刚好完全掩埋时与完全不掩埋时相比,总传热系数出口温度的差异较大,且管径越大,差异越显著;当环境流体的温度较低时,管道出口温度对相对埋入面积更敏感。