Confidence intervals on p(y < x) for small sample sizes

When F = G^a, confidence intervals are derived and presented in graphs for p = P(Y < X), when X and Y are independent and the sample sizes are at most 25. Also, it is demonstrated via a monte carlo simulation that this is a robust procedure, when the distributions of X and Y differ by a location parameter.     

Do Irrelevant Commodities Matter?

We study how to evaluate allocations independently of individual preferences over unavailable commodities. We prove impossibility results that suggest that such evaluations encounter serious difficulties. This is related to the well known problem of performing international comparisons of standard of living across countries with different consumption goods. We show how possibility results can be retrieved with restrictions on the domain of preferences, on the application of the independence axiom, or on the set of allocations to be ranked. Such restrictions appear more plausible when the objects of evaluation are allocations of composite commodities, characteristics, or human functionings rather than ordinary commodities.     

Decisions,Science, and Values: Crafting Regulatory Alternatives Analysis

Emerging “prevention‐based” approaches to chemical regulation seek to minimize the use of toxic chemicals by mandating or directly incentivizing the adoption of viable safer alternative chemicals or processes. California and Maine are beginning to implement such programs, requiring manufacturers of consumer products containing certain chemicals of concern to identify and evaluate potential safer alternatives. In the European Union, the REACH program imposes similar obligations on manufacturers of certain substances of very high concern. Effective prevention‐based regulation requires regulatory alternatives analysis (RAA), a methodology for comparing and evaluating the regulated chemical or process and its alternatives across a range of relevant criteria. RAA has both public and private dimensions. To a significant degree, alternatives analysis is an aspect of product design; that is, the process by which private industry designs the goods it sells. Accordingly, an RAA method should reflect the attributes of well‐crafted product design tools used by businesses. But RAA adds health and environmental objectives to the mix of concerns taken into account by the product designer. Moreover, as part of a prevention‐based regulatory regime, it implicates important public values such as legitimacy, equity, public engagement, and accountability. Thus, an RAA should reflect both private standards and public values, and be evaluated against them. This article adopts that perspective, identifying an integrated set of design principles for RAA, and illustrating the application of those principles.     

中西部农村居民健康状况Logistic模型分析

运用有序Logistic模型分析了我国中西部农村居民的健康状况及其决定因素。研究发现,近年来我国中西部农村居民健康状况总体有所好转。中部地区的状况要好于西部地区。中老年人的健康水平下降,妇女的健康水平较差。中学教育对改善健康水平有积极影响。收入的增加和家庭环境卫生的改善有助于提高健康水平。建议政府继续加大对中西部地区农村合作医疗制度改革的支持力度,重视对农村基础教育和环境卫生设施的投入,采取措施维护中老年人和妇女群体的健康水平,改善落后地区的卫生设施和医疗保健条件,促进健康公平。     

Bent函数估计的可计算达到上界

Bent函数的计数和数目估计问题与依据其设计的流密码的安全性有密切联系。通过将Bent函数表示为定序特征矩阵,引入Bent矩阵的概念;根据Bent函数的定义,得到Bent矩阵的一些性质;利用解决一阶相关免疫布尔函数计数问题的方法,给出Bent函数个数估计的一个基于整数分拆表示的可计算上界,计算实例说明该上界是可达到的上界。     

一类半群的构造

本文给出了松散半群的构造。将松散半群的代数结构与序结构联系起来。     

MORE INFORMATIVE TESTING FOR BIVARIATE SYMMETRY

In testing for bivariate symmetry against arbitrary alternatives the well‐known test developed by Bowker in 1948 is shown to be a score test, and to have useful components. These components are asymptotically independent and asymptotically have the standard normal distribution. Moreover they assess particular pairs of cells for symmetry. These components can also be used in a data analytic manner to complement a test for bivariate symmetry against ordered alternatives.     

A new Method of Estimating the Asymptotic Standard Error of the Hodges-Lehmann Estimator Based on Generalized Least Squares

A method of estimating the asymptotic standard error of the Hodges-Lehmann estimator based on generalized least squares is described. The results of a Monte Carlo study comparing the new method with existing ones are given.     

Some computational problems related to multinomial trials

Efficient numerical algorithms are developed to evaluate several probabilities related to multinomial trials.In the first part of the paper, the probability distribution of the number of trials until the alternatives j, j = 1,… m, have occurred at least i_j times is computed. The multinomial trials involve the m alternatives l,…, m, with positive probabilities P_l-P_m of occurrence. In the second part, several aspects of a multinomial subset selection problem, discussed by S. S. Gupta and K. Nagel, are investigated.     

A formula for P(bi≤Ri≤ai, 1≤i≤m) under a general class of alternatives

Let X_i≤?≤X_m and Y_i≤?≤Y_n be two sets of independent order statistics from continous distributions with distribution functions F and G respectively. Let R_i denote the rank of X_i in the combined order sample. Steck (1980) has found an expression for P(b_i≤R_i≤a_i, all i) when F = h(G), h being the incomplete beta function with parameters (α,β?α+1). An alternative expression for the same probability is obtained which is computationally a substantial improvement on Steck's result.