MULTIVARIATE TESTS OF NORMAL MEAN VECTORS WITH RESTRICTED ALTERNATIVES

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we consider tests for the hypothesis that the mean vector is zero against one-sided alternatives when the observation vectors are independently and identically distributed as normal with unknown covariance matrix. The exact null-distribution of the tests is derived. The tests generalize the centre-direction test proposed by Tang et al.[1] Tang, D.-I., Gnecco, C. and Geller, N. 1989. An Approximate Likelihood Ratio Test for a Normal Mean Vector with Nonnegative Components with Application to Clinical Trials. Biometrika, 76: 577–583. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] for known covariance. In addition, the modification is order- and scale-invariant. Power comparisons with some other tests are presented. It can be shown that the null distribution of the test statistic holds for data arising from any elliptical distribution, not just the normal distribution.     

A note on testing the regression functions via nonparametric smoothing

The authors present a consistent lack‐of‐fit test in nonlinear regression models. The proposed procedure possesses some nice properties of Zheng's test such as the consistency, the ability to detect any local alternatives approaching the null at rates slower than the parametric rate. What's more, for a predetermined kernel function, the proposed test is more powerful than Zheng's test and the validity of these findings is confirmed by the simulation studies and a real data example. In addition, the authors find out a close connection between the choices of normal kernel functions and the bandwidths. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 108–125; 2011 © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada     

Simultaneous semi-sequential testing of dual alternatives for pattern recognition

In this paper, we propose a new nonparametric simultaneous test for dual alternatives. Simultaneous tests for dual alternatives are used for pattern detection of arsenic contamination level in ground water. We consider two possible patterns, namely, monotone shift and an umbrella-type location alternative, as the dual alternatives. Pattern recognition problems of this nature are addressed in Bandyopadhyay et al. [5], stretching the idea of multiple hypotheses tests as in Benjamini and Hochberg [6]. In the present context, we develop an alternative approach based on contrasts that helps us to detect three underlying pattern much more efficiently. We illustrate the new methodology through a motivating example related to highly sensitive issue of arsenic contamination in ground water. We provide some Monte-Carlo studies related to the proposed technique and give a comparative study between different detection procedures. We also obtain some related asymptotic results.     

一种采用双向有序链表存储的动态编码位图索引方法

位图索引依据其独特的位向量编码方式,在数据检索中得到广泛使用。在对比分析位图索引结构中的简单位图索引和编码位图索引的基础上,提出了一种新的基于双向有序链表存储的动态编码位图索引方法,并给出了这一动态编码位图索引方法在数据插入、删除、更新和检索中的详细算法。最后,进行实验测试。结果表明,所提出的索引方法具有更好的执行效率。     

Estimating and testing effect size from an arbitrary population

In this article, we develop inference tools for an effect size parameter in a paired experiment. A class of estimators is defined that includes natural, shrinkage and shrinkage preliminary test estimators. The shrinkage and preliminary test methods incorporate uncertain prior information on the parameter. This information may be available in the form of a realistic guess on the basis of the experimenter’s knowledge and experience, which can be incorporated into the estimation process to increase the efficiency of the estimator. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are investigated both analytically and computationally. A simulation study is also conducted to assess the performance of the estimators for moderate and large samples. For illustration purposes, the method is applied to a data set.     

大型工程项目施工系统可靠性评估

施工系统的可靠性评估有助于减少项目风险、优化工程目标。文章综合考虑项目质量、成本、时间和安全目标,提出基于有序二元决策图(OBDD)的施工系统可靠性评估方法。该方法便于计算机实现,具有很高的计算效率,适合大型工程项目。最后,通过算例演示了施工系统可靠性的评估过程,并验证了该方法。     

我国老年人心理健康自评及其影响因素研究

随着老龄化社会的到来,老年人健康问题,特别是心理健康问题日益成为了社会各界关注的焦点。基于实地调查数据,描述了我国老年人的心理健康状况,利用Ordered Probit回归模型,分析了个人特征、家庭关系、社会经济层面的状况对老年人心理健康的影响,同时,采用逐步纳入的方式,检验变量回归结果的稳健性。回归结果发现,不同户籍、年龄及家庭关系的老年群体在心理健康状况方面存在很大差异。在总结研究结论的基础上,从社会、家庭和个人三个层面对我国老年人心理健康和养老事业的发展提出若干思考。     

农村流通体系建设对农民消费的影响——基于有序probit模型的研究

提高农村居民的消费水平是促进经济平稳增长的重要手段。采用有序概率模型,以河南部分地区为调查对象,利用数据分析农村流通体系的各个指标对农民消费意愿及消费热情的影响。模型的计量分析表明,当前农民消费需求难以有效启动的重要原因之一是我国农村流通体系的不完善,应高度重视我国农村现代流通体系的建设。通过大力发展农村新型流通业态、健全农村物流系统、加大对农村基础设施的建设、完善农村的流通服务、构建农村信息服务平台等有效手段,最终促进农民消费。     

Some tests for uniformity of circular distributions powerful against multimodal alternatives

The author introduces new statistics suited for testing uniformity of circular distributions and powerful against multimodal alternatives. One of them has a simple expression in terms of the geometric mean of the sample of chord lengths. The others belong to a family indexed by a continuous parameter. The asymptotic distributions under the null hypothesis are derived. We compare the power of the new tests against Stephens's alternatives with those of Ajne, Watson, and Hermans‐Rasson's tests. Some of the new tests are the most powerful when the alternative has three or four modes. A heuristic justification of this feature is given. An application to the analysis of archaeological data is provided. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38:80–96; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada     

The challenge of quantifying national well-being: lessons from the Measures of Australia's Progress initiative

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, the use of gross domestic product (GDP) as a proxy for national well-being has been criticised on the grounds it excludes important social and ecological considerations. Several alternatives have been proposed that promise to generate more comprehensive and balanced quantitative measures of well-being, but all of these alternative indicators remain contested and controversial. This paper critically reviews Australia's contribution to this effort: the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ (ABS's) Measures of Australia's Progress initiative. Unlike many other alternatives to GDP, the Australian initiative does not settle on one measure but uses expert-mediated public consultation to establish a ‘dashboard’ of indicators. In so doing, this model makes explicit the serious challenges confronting efforts to coherently define and measure progress in late modernity. In its attempt to integrate diverse views on national progress, the ABS has created an ambiguous tool that is not being taken up in public and political discourse.