From pension funds to piggy banks: (Perverse) consequences of the Stability and Growth Pact since the crisis

As part of their strategy for economic and monetary union, European governments committed themselves to fiscal discipline – particularly by placing limits on annual deficits and on public debt. Subsequently, and as they sought to respond to the “current crisis”, they embraced the view that only if public finances were kept under control would sustainable recovery be possible. Rules of fiscal governance were strengthened. To help them meet these rules, the governments of many member States of the European Union made changes to their pension systems or to funds they had established specifically to pay the costs of population ageing. The intention was not to cut retirement benefits or to improve the efficiency of the relevant pension schemes and institutions. Rather, it was to free up resources immediately. Funded pension schemes and pension funds were treated like “piggy banks” that were raided when times became hard. Moreover, the policies pursued succeeded in meeting their objectives only because the system of national accounts according to which outcomes are judged does not recognize the way in which most of the fiscal gains are matched by future fiscal liabilities.     

养老金正常调整机制与养老负担关系分析

我国自建立城镇职工社会养老保险制度之初就提出要对养老金进行正常调整,但在近20年的实际操作过程中,仍未建立起统一、稳定、科学的调整机制。本文首先分析了在人口老龄化的背景下,养老金调整机制与养老负担之间的定量关系,根据现收现付制度的运行机理和经济增长原理分别推导出两种不同养老金调整机制下维持养老负担不变的临界条件,以我国人口老龄化趋势预测为基础对临界条件进行实证检验后得出结论,即在保持养老负担不变的前提下,不同的养老金调整机制对于经济增长率和工资增长率具有不同要求。文章为我国养老金调整机制的完善提供一定的依据。     

乡村振兴视角下河北省乡村生态养老体系评价研究

乡村生态养老是指老年人在良好的生态环境下,能够满足自身养老需求,实现生理和心理健康的一种积极养老方式。文章在乡村振兴视角下从乡村自然环境、乡村基础设施、乡村养老环境和乡村养老政策四个维度构建了乡村生态养老评价体系,运用直觉模糊层次分析法计算指标权重,研究发现：乡村养老政策占据重要地位,旅游景点条件、网络通讯设施、医疗条件、税收减免政策等指标权重较高。基于此,分别从宏观层面、中观层面和微观层面提出了相应的策略。     

城乡一体化背景下的农村社会保障研究——以德州市为例

德州市已初步建立起以农村最低生活保障制度、农村新型合作医疗制度和农村新型社会养老保险制度为主要内容的农村社会保障体系,但农村社会保障体系与城市相比还比较薄弱,需进一步完善。逐步完善农村社会保障体系,实现城乡社会保障制度的有序接轨,是统筹城乡发展过程中促进地方经济社会和谐发展的重要目标和重要内容。     

我国养老保险法律制度探讨

公民养老权即是一项基本人权,又是一项宪法权利。在步入老龄化社会的中国建立并完善养老保险制度,为社会老年人提供基本生活保障,有效实现公民养老权是国家和政府的一项重要责任。但是纵观现有相关的法律法规,养老保险法律制度依然存在六大问题,导致实践中基本养老保险制度的变革与推行困难重重。     

企业年金积累期的最优动态资产配置策略

替代率是评价企业年金基金投资效果的重要指标之一.本文构建了与替代率挂钩的目标基金,建立了基于目标的企业年金基金最优资产配置模型,利用随机动态规划方法获得了年金基金最优投资策略的解析解,并通过蒙特卡洛模拟技术对所得结果进行数值模拟,考察了不同市场环境及不同群体的最优配置策略和最优策略对可控制参数的敏感性.结果表明:模型中参数对年金基金的最优配置策略各有不同影响,不同群体和不同金融市场中的最优策略也有差异,但总体而言最优资产配置策略具有高风险资产权重随着时间推移而降低的动态特征.     

浅析普惠意义的农村养老保险新政

2009年9月4日,国务院办公厅发布《国务院关于开展新型农村社会养老保险试点的指导意见》,在全国10%的县（市、区、旗）进行新农保试点。文章拟在回顾过去20多年的农保制度的同时,分析新农保制度的创新点,并提出对新农保试点及推行的几点思考。     

凭单制购买养老服务中的问题与成因——以北京市养老服务券政策为例

2008年以来,北京市开始尝试凭单制购买养老服务这一方式,帮助老年人在社区养老,同时对社区养老服务企业进行鼓励和扶助。但是在实践中出现了养老服务券贬值、违规兑换现金等问题。原因在于政府、企业、老年人之间不能有效互动,以及老年人主导地位的缺失。政府在这一政策中的地位至关重要,其角色应该由服务的"指挥员"转变为"服务员"或"裁判员"。     

Assessing a minimum pension guarantee for the voluntary IPS in Turkey

The returns from individual account pension plans are subject to fluctuations in capital markets. This increases income uncertainty for the beneficiary and exposes individuals to the risk of fluctuations in the economy in general and the stock market in particular. A minimum pension guarantee is a way to avoid this pitfall by providing a minimum annuity regardless of the actual investment performance of individual accounts. In this article, we present a cost analysis of a minimum benefit guarantee mechanism for the voluntary Individual Pension System in Turkey. We examine the cost estimates and the probability of providing guaranteed payments under various economic and demographic assumptions.     

委托代理视角下杭州市民间组织参与居家养老服务的实践研究

民间组织参与居家养老服务是一种具有多层级特征的间接委托代理模式。针对各地普遍面临的委托代理问题,杭州市近年来探索形成了"以老年人需求为本、政府主导、社区协助、民间组织具体运作"的居家养老服务模式。该模式实践中的创新主要体现在地方政府职能角色定位、老年人权利强化、民间组织功能激发等方面。优化民间组织参与居家养老服务实践尚需进一步采取强化对地方政府和民间组织的激励和向老年人增权等措施。