知识产权契约激励与个体知识创造行为的关系研究

知识产权契约激励对个体知识创造行为的影响决定组织知识创造的绩效.基于组织激励理论、心理学理论和行为学理论,以知识产权契约激励作为个体知识创造行为和知识心理所有权的前因变量,探讨知识产权契约激励对个体知识心理所有权和知识创造行为的直接影响以及知识心理所有权对知识产权契约激励与个体知识创造行为关系的中介作用.选取上海大众汽车一厂技术中心的研发人员为实证研究对象,采用结构方程模型实证检验R&D知识产权契约激励、附加知识产权激励、知识心理所有权与个体知识创造行为的关系.研究结果表明,R&D知识产权契约激励对个体知识创造行为具有正向作用,知识心理所有权对个体知识创造行为产生正向影响,R&D知识产权契约激励和附加知识产权激励对知识心理所有权均产生正向影响;知识心理所有权在R&D知识产权契约激励与个体知识创造行为之间起部分中介作用,而在附加知识产权激励与个体知识创造行为之间起完全中介作用.研究结果理清了知识产权契约激励、知识心理所有权与个体知识创造行为间的三者关系机理,打开了知识产权契约激励影响个体知识创造行为关系的黑箱,为知识产权契约激励的管理实践提供了重要的理论依据.     

农村卫生室收入情况调查与实证分析--以湖北省松滋市为例

村卫生室是农村三级医疗预防保健网的网底,承担着为农村居民提供基本公共卫生服务与疾病初级诊治的职责。村卫生室的收入情况直接影响到农村医生的收入水平与工作积极性。而村卫生室的收入受到村卫生室门诊人数、经营面积、村医人数等因素的影响。通过对湖北省松滋市259所村卫生室年收入情况进行实地调查,运用计量分析方法分析了影响村卫生室年收入的主要因素。     

Pricing and Operational Performance in Discretionary Services

In many services, for example, website or landscape design, the value or quality derived by a customer depends upon the service time, and this valuation differs across customers. Customers procure the service based on the expected value to be delivered, prices charged, and the timeliness of service. We investigate the performance of the optimal pricing scheme as well as two commonly used pricing schemes (fixed fee and time‐based pricing) for such services on important dimensions such as revenue, demand served, and utilization. We propose a novel model that captures the above features and wherein both service rate and demand are endogenous and functions of the pricing scheme. In particular, service time is an outcome of the pricing scheme adopted and the heterogeneous valuations of customers, unlike in the queueing‐based pricing literature. We find that the service system may benefit from a greater variance in consumer valuations, and the performance of pricing schemes is impacted by the shape of the distribution of customers' valuation of service time and the responsiveness desired by customers. Both the fixed fee and time‐based schemes do well relative to the optimal pricing scheme in terms of revenue in many plausible scenarios, but there are substantial differences between the pricing schemes in some important operational metrics. For instance, the fixed fee scheme serves more customers and has higher utilization than the time‐based scheme. We also explore variants of the fixed and time‐based schemes that have better revenue performance and show that the two‐part tariff which is a combination of fixed and time‐based pricing can do as well as the optimal scheme in terms of revenue.     

Block censoring scheme with two-parameter exponential distribution

This paper deals with a new censoring scheme, called ‘Block Censoring’ which reduces considerably the total time on test in the life testing experiments with respect to the common used experimental tests such as rightly censored data. This new scheme is analysed when the lifetimes of products follow the two-parameter exponential distribution. Specially, it is proved that the respective spacings are independently distributed exponential. The problem of estimating parameters is investigated in details.A Monte Carlo simulation is conducted for obtaining the optimal block censoring scheme in the sense of the shortest expected test time. Finally, a real data set on times to breakdown of an insulating fluid between electrodes from Nelson [Applied life data analysis. New York: Wiley; 1982. p.105] is analysed.     

Stochastic approximation results for variational inequality problem using random-type iterative schemes

Real world problems are embedded with uncertainties. Therefore, to tackle these problems, one must consider probabilistic nature of the problems both in modeling and solution. In this work, concepts of convergence of the solution of variational inequality in classical functional analysis are extended to a stochastic domain for a random Mann-type iterative and Ishikawa-type iterative schemes in a Banach space. A mean square convergence result is proved for this extension.     

The expected impact of the 2019 Brazilian pension reform on survivors’ pensions

This study analyses the expected changes in survivors’ pensions resulting from the permanent rules of the 2019 pension reform in Brazil. Actuarial annuities are used for representative worker profiles. The dispersion in the replacement rate values decreases, except for the highest income level. The rates needed to finance survivors’ pensions decrease relatively more than do the rates for old-age pensions. The internal rates of return significantly decrease. There is a heterogeneous change in the distributive aspects of the pension system. The reform shall affect the adequacy and intragenerational equity of old-age and survivors’ pensions.     

A new reproducing kernel-based nonlinear dimension reduction method for survival data

Based on the theories of sliced inverse regression (SIR) and reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), a new approach RDSIR (RKHS-based Double SIR) to nonlinear dimension reduction for survival data is proposed. An isometric isomorphism is constructed based on the RKHS property, then the nonlinear function in the RKHS can be represented by the inner product of two elements that reside in the isomorphic feature space. Due to the censorship of survival data, double slicing is used to estimate the weight function to adjust for the censoring bias. The nonlinear sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) subspace is estimated by a generalized eigen-decomposition problem. The asymptotic property of the estimator is established based on the perturbation theory. Finally, the performance of RDSIR is illustrated on simulated and real data. The numerical results show that RDSIR is comparable with the linear SDR method. Most importantly, RDSIR can also effectively extract nonlinearity from survival data.     

The limits of parametric reforms in sustaining the Algerian retirement system in a context of population ageing

Accelerated population ageing in Algeria threatens the financial sustainability of its pay-as-you-go retirement system. Reform is a necessity, with options ranging from simple parametric reforms to important systemic changes. Prior to undertaking systemic reforms, it is worthwhile to investigate whether parametric reforms can place the system on a financially sustainable footing. In this article, we used a multi-scenario analysis that crosses the possible reform actions with possible socioeconomic scenarios. The results show that when using the most favourable scenarios, the financial balance of the Algerian system will remain negative in the short and long term. Implementing major parametric reforms can only help reduce the deficit and make it stable over time. Thereafter, systemic reforms will have to be implemented.     

巷道瓦斯爆炸二次反冲的数值模拟

通过建立瓦斯爆炸流场的数学模型，运用ＴＶＤ（ｔｏｔａｌ ｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ ｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｉｎｇ）格式的有限差分方法，模拟了瓦斯爆炸冲击波峰值超压沿井巷的衰减规律，着重反映了冲击波二次反冲过程，其结果对于实际防爆工程设计具有指导意义。