Carbon Emissions Abatement (CEA) allocation and compensation schemes based on DEA

As environment constraints on economic growth are strengthening, Carbon Emissions Abatement (CEA) allocation becomes a significant issue that draws academia׳s attention. In the literature, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique has been applied to obtain CEA allocation with centralized models. Nevertheless, a centralized allocation plan suffers from an implementation difficulty in persuading decision-making units (DMUs) into an agreement. In this paper, we propose a new two-step method to mitigate this side effect. In the first step, we provide improved DEA-based centralized allocation models under the assumptions of constant returns-to-scale (CRS) and variable returns-to-scale (VRS) respectively and in the second step, two compensation schemes are developed for centralized allocation plans. An empirical application to the countries in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is presented to elaborate the main idea.     

项目制下各利益主体博弈及其解释———以水库移民后期扶持项目为分析对象

从制度设计来说，水库移民后期扶持项目有着紧密的组织体制与管理体制，但水库移民后期扶持项目制在实际操作过程中偏离了政策目标，导致移民后期扶持项目资金使用绩效低，甚至出现“跑渗漏”的情况。从委托方—承包方—代理方互动的博弈过程分析水库移民后期扶持项目制，研究发现：委托方（中央政府及省级政府）与承包方（地市级政府及县级政府）之间的博弈、承包方内部各政府部门之间的博弈、承包方（移民管理机构）与代理方（乡镇政府、项目申报人）之间的博弈、代理人（项目申报人）与移民（村民）间的博弈导致水库移民后期扶持项目制度设计与制度执行之间存在差距，使得水库移民后期扶持项目资金使用绩效较差。     

Gender differences in tournament and flat-wage schemes: An experimental study

We present a new experiment that explores gender differences in both performance and compensation choices. While most of the previous studies have focused on tournament vs. piece-rate schemes, the originality of our study consists in examining the gender gap in the context of a flat wage scheme. Our data indicate that females exert a significantly higher effort than men in fixed payment schemes. We find however no gender difference in performance under the tournament scheme, due to a combination of two effects. On the one hand, men more significantly increase their effort when switching from a flat wage to a tournament scheme. On the other hand, when switching from the flat wage to a tournament scheme, women have less margin to increase performance since their effort was already relatively high with a flat wage. We also find that females are more likely than males to choose a flat-wage scheme than a tournament. This gap however narrows dramatically when feedback on previous experience is provided.     

单摆非线性运动方程的微扰近似解法

本文研究具有阻尼因素的单摆非线性运动规律。根据相应的线性运动方程精确解,通过求解修正项,给出逐步逼近的近似解方法,并讨论了解的误差问题。     

低浓度三分子模型的振幅方程

首先在考虑扩散流随时间变化的基础上,建立了低浓度三分子模型的双曲型反应－扩散方程及其波动方程,然后运用奇异微扰理论导出在Ｈｏｐｆ分岔点处的小振幅方程,为研究系统的能量演化奠定了理论基础     

大而能化工而能变--论杜甫七律首尾联的特殊对仗

讨论了杜甫七律首尾联中似对非对的对仗现象.认为之所以有这些特殊现象出现,一方面是因为受对称平衡传统文化习惯心理的影响,诗人不得不对仗;另一方面也是因为诗人想摆脱过于讲究对偶平衡的诗赋传统,寻找一种既可灵动地表达诗意又不丢弃诗歌形式之美的对仗方式.     

以图式理论探析听力语篇理解中文化信息的解码取向性

认知心理学家指出：听力理解的过程即是解码的过程,听力是一个接受、理解声音信息（听力理解）的过程,是听者对说者所传来的编码信息进行解码的过程（即解码理论）。从解码理论入手来揭示听力进阶的一些生理及心理认知机理,强调通过大量有意义的阅读输入语言文化“浸润学习”来增加学生对语言文化背景知识的积累和感悟,建立系统丰满的“图式”（schema）,以利于在听力活动中有效地解码、分析、猜测和判断。     

我国计算机软件专利保护文献综述

计算机软件作为一种新的智力劳动成果,如何保护研发者的利益,提高他们研发的积极性,目前,世界各国政府都在积极研究出台相关法律来保护这一新型智力劳动成果.主要介绍了有关计算机软件专利保护的国内外现状及保护的不足之处,提出了完善我国计算机软件专利保护的建议.旨在为我国计算机软件专利保护问题研究的进一步发展提供一个参照平台.     

Reforming against all odds: Multi‐pillar pension systems in the Czech Republic and Romania

Attempts to replace pay‐as‐you‐go pension schemes with private funded systems came to a halt in Central and Eastern Europe after 2005. However, more recently, the region has witnessed two belated reformers: the Czech Republic and Romania. Both countries decided to partially privatize pensions despite the rising tide of evidence concerning the challenges associated with the policy. We argue that while part of the domestic political elite remained supportive of private funded pensions, the difficulties experienced by earlier reformers and reduced support from International Financial Institutions led to the adoption of small funded pension pillars. Such cautious attempts at privatization might become more common in the future as large reforms have proven politically unsustainable.     

Bayes Hilbert Spaces

A Bayes linear space is a linear space of equivalence classes of proportional σ‐finite measures, including probability measures. Measures are identified with their density functions. Addition is given by Bayes' rule and substraction by Radon–Nikodym derivatives. The present contribution shows the subspace of square‐log‐integrable densities to be a Hilbert space, which can include probability and infinite measures, measures on the whole real line or discrete measures. It extends the ideas from the Hilbert space of densities on a finite support towards Hilbert spaces on general measure spaces. It is also a generalisation of the Euclidean structure of the simplex, the sample space of random compositions. In this framework, basic notions of mathematical statistics get a simple algebraic interpretation. A key tool is the centred‐log‐ratio transformation, a generalization of that used in compositional data analysis, which maps the Hilbert space of measures into a subspace of square‐integrable functions. As a consequence of this structure, distances between densities, orthonormal bases, and Fourier series representing measures become available. As an application, Fourier series of normal distributions and distances between them are derived, and an example related to grain size distributions is presented. The geometry of the sample space of random compositions, known as Aitchison geometry of the simplex, is obtained as a particular case of the Hilbert space when the measures have discrete and finite support.