混凝土收缩徐变对简支变连续桥梁的影响

利用MIDAS／civil 6．71软件，针对先简支后连续桥的特性，运用具体工程实例，建立模型，计算出桥梁从开始施工到成桥以及成桥后十年的任意时刻任意截面的内力以及变形图形，通过整理主梁恒载弯矩数据的变化，分析了混凝土收缩徐变对简支变连续桥梁的受力和变形的影响，结果发现徐变对跨中的挠度影响最大，两边跨的挠度大于中间两跨的挠度，徐变对中间固定支座负弯矩的影响比跨中正弯矩的影响要大很多．     

Estimation in M/Er /1 queueing systems

In this paper, the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters for the M/E_r /1 queueing model are derived when the queue size at each departure point is observed. A numerical example is generated by simulating a finite Markov chain to illustrate the methodology for estimating the parameters with variable Erlang service time distribution. The problem of hypothesis testing and simultaneous Confidence regions of the parameter is also investigated.0     

基于路径恢复的ATM/SDH网状网自愈结构

研究了异步转移模式／同步数字序列的多层网状传输网络中的自愈机制，提出了一种既能提高恢复速度又能降低实现复杂性的基于路径恢复的自愈结构，给出了充分利用网管中心智能的两级恢复路由寻径算法。计算机仿真表明，该结构及其核心算法是可行的，其自愈恢复时间小于文献中已有的方案。     

A Novel Particle Filter Aided by Interval Analysis Approach

This paper addresses the issue of state estimation in nonlinear systems in the presence of non-Gaussian and bounded noises, under which the interval analysis based estimation is introduced as an auxiliary approach of generic particle filter (PF). This yields the so-called Set-Membership aided particle filter (SMPF). Unlike the mature alternatives of generic particle filter, the proposal distribution of SMPF approximates the posterior probability density function (PDF), not only on the numerical value but also on the definition-domain, and the performance analysis on the proposed alternative is proven through detailed formulations. In addition, contrasting simulations under SMPF and other mature alternatives also validate the effectiveness of SMPF.     

What Pediatric Subspecialists Need to Know About Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of the American Board of Pediatrics Content Outlines for Subspecialty Certifying Examinations

ABSTRACT

Many adolescents with complex medical conditions regard their subspecialty providers as an important source of clinical information including sexual and reproductive health information related to their medical condition. Thus, training for pediatric subspecialty providers should include clinically relevant sexual and reproductive content. The purpose of this study is to understand what disease-relevant sexual and reproductive health information is currently included in content outlines for each of the available pediatric subspecialty certifying examinations. The American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) offers 17 subspecialty certifying examinations; 13 content outlines are available on the ABP website which defines the body of knowledge to be tested. Each available outline underwent content analysis for sexual and reproductive health information. A team of adolescent medicine physicians identified seven thematic areas including: 1) puberty; 2) sexual behavior and identity; 3) fertility; 4) contraception; 5) sexually transmitted infections; 6) other genital pathology; 7) pregnancy. Across disciplines, learning objectives related to sexual behavior, sexual identity, fertility, contraception and pregnancy were the most limited. However, content related to puberty, sexually transmitted infections and other genital pathology was better represented. Overall, disease-and treatment-specific sexual and reproductive health information was sparse. Most subspecialty content outlines contain very little disease-specific sexual and reproductive health information despite the growing adolescent and young adult population with complex medical conditions in the care of pediatric subspecialists. Further studies are needed to explore if lack of sexual and reproductive information on board exams relates to the knowledge base and skill set of pediatric subspecialists.     

Situating Condoms in Sexual Lives: Experiences of Same-sex-Attracted men in Tanzania

ABSTRACT. This article examines ways in which same-sex-attracted men in Dar es Salaam perceive, seek, and enact sexual pleasure, and the roles that use and nonuse of condoms play in the lived sexual lives in which such pleasure is sought and created. It also identifies several HIV risk-minimizing strategies that same-sex practicing men are employing in their sexual relations, including but not limited to condom use. The article draws on conversations and interviews conducted during 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork with and among a diverse group of same-sex-attracted men in 2008 and 2009.     

Public/Private Pension Mix,Income Inequality and Poverty among the Elderly in Europe: An Empirical Analysis Using New and Revised OECD Data

Prior studies have suggested that higher public pensions are associated with lower income inequality among the elderly, whereas the reverse is true for private pensions. Van Vliet et al. ( 2012 ) empirically test whether relative shifts from public to private pension schemes entail higher levels of income inequality among the elderly using panel data from the OECD SOCX and the EU‐SILC databases. Contrasting earlier empirical studies using either cross‐sectional or time‐series data, they do not find evidence that shifts from public to private pension provision are associated with higher levels of income inequality or poverty among the elderly. The aim of the current article is to extend the analysis of Van Vliet et al. by: (1) adding additional countries; (2) adding additionally available years; and (3) using revised OECD SOCX data. In contrast to Van Vliet et al., we find that a greater relative importance of private pensions is associated with higher levels of income inequality and poverty among the elderly. A central explanation of the difference in conclusions stems from the revision of OECD SOCX data.     

Unequal views of inequality: Cross-national support for redistribution 1985–2011

This research examines public views on government responsibility to reduce income inequality, support for redistribution. While individual-level correlates of support for redistribution are relatively well understood, many questions remain at the country-level. Therefore, I examine how country-level characteristics affect aggregate support for redistribution. I test explanations of aggregate support using a unique dataset combining 18 waves of the International Social Survey Programme and European Social Survey. Results from mixed-effects logistic regression and fixed-effects linear regression models show two primary and contrasting effects. States that reduce inequality through bundles of tax and transfer policies are rewarded with more supportive publics. In contrast, economic development has a seemingly equivalent and dampening effect on public support. Importantly, the effect of economic development grows at higher levels of development, potentially overwhelming the amplifying effect of state redistribution. My results therefore suggest a fundamental challenge to proponents of egalitarian politics.     

Father's involvement in the lives of children in foster care

Limited understandings exist about non‐resident fathers' views of their involvement with their children in foster care placements. Guided by the ecological systems framework, the purpose of this exploratory study was to gain insights into fathers' perceptions of their involvement with a child in foster care. Data were collected from demographic questionnaires and two focus groups with 17 men. Fathers expressed how kinship compared with non‐kinship placements affected their involvement. Fathers were also in agreement that their financial hardships were a significant factor affecting their involvement. Several fathers also reported how they experienced discrimination in the child welfare system as men. Surprisingly, uncommon to findings from other studies, few men viewed the child's mother as being a barrier to their involvement. The findings provide insights into factors requiring attention to help non‐residential fathers become involved with their children.     

A Person‐Oriented Analysis of Social Withdrawal in Chinese Children

The goal of this study was to compare the socio‐emotional and academic adjustment of different subtypes of socially withdrawn (shy, unsociable, avoidant) school‐age children in mainland China. Participants were N = 1344 children ages 10–12 years from public elementary schools in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Multi‐source assessment included: child self‐reports of social withdrawal subtypes and internalizing difficulties (e.g., depression, social anxiety); peer nominations of children's peer relations (e.g., peer victimization, peer preference); and teacher ratings of children's school adjustment (e.g., academic success, internalizing problems). Results from person‐oriented analyses indicated that socially avoidant (i.e., shy‐unsociable) children reported the most pervasive internalizing difficulties compared to other groups. However, in contrast to findings among Western samples, unsociable children were as likely to have peer and academic difficulties as their shy and socially avoidant peers. Findings are discussed in terms of the implications of different subtypes of social withdrawal among children in collectivistic societies such as China.