论高校德育的自我教育

我国当代道德具有流变性、重构性、多元性和后喻性等特点。高校德育的自我教育必须充分发挥学生的自我意识,重视学生群体的作用,给学生以丰富的知识背景,同时必须以正面教育为指导,与正面教育相结合。     

Making Low Probabilities Useful

This paper explores how people process information on low probability-high consequence negative events and what it will take to get individuals to be sensitive to the likelihood of these types of accidents or disasters. In a set of experiments, information is presented to individuals on the likelihood of serious accidents from a chemical facility. Comparisons are made with other risks, such as fatalities from automobile accidents, to see whether laypersons can determine the relative safety of different plants. We conclude that fairly rich context information must be available for people to be able to judge differences between low probabilities. In particular, it appears that one needs to present comparison scenarios that are located on the probability scale to evoke people's own feelings of risk. The concept of evaluability recently introduced by Hsee and his colleagues provides a useful explanation of these findings.     

政治成本与应计利润调整关系的实证研究

本文通过提出研究假设,采用实证研究方法,分析研究我国会计中政治成本与应计利润调整之间的关系,提出如下研究结论：政治成本的存在迫使上市企业从事负向的应计利润调整;但政治成本并不是以较高的所得税率而是以其他形式存在。最后,本文对会计学术界、政策制订者提出了相关的合理建议。     

中国保险业竞争力分析及展望

随着中国保险市场的逐步开放 ,中国保险业将面临激烈的市场竞争。中国保险业的竞争力不容乐观 ,主要表现在保险公司的资产规模、资金运用、偿付能力、险种结构、服务水平、税收待遇等方面 ,但中国保险市场也充满机遇 ,必须重视对其今后的发展对策的研究。     

略论儒家解释学

现代新儒学是现代中国重要的学术文化思潮 ,儒家解释学是这一思潮的重要组成部分。晚年的熊十力站在新中国的角度看待儒学 ,台湾学者罗光站在士林哲学的角度看待儒学 ,美籍华人学者杜维明站在现代性的角度看待儒学 ,分别提出儒家解释学中几种有代表性的观点。     

扩大内需的西方经济学理论辨析

1998年初我国政府作出了扩大内需、启动经济的宏观经济决策。但实行积极的财政货币政策的效果却不尽如人意。本文从有效需求和有效供给,财政政策与税收以及居民收入、储蓄和居民消费3个方面对政策效应不明显的原因进行了分析,得出了一些启示。     

Global and local tests to assess stationarity of Markov transition models

We present global and local likelihood-based tests to evaluate stationarity in transition models. Three motivational studies are considered. A simulation study was carried out to assess the performance of the proposed tests. The results showed that they present good performance with the control of the type-I error, especially for ordinal responses, and control of the type-II error, especially for the nominal case. Asymptotically they are close to the classical test performance. They can be executed in a single framework without the need to estimate the transition probabilities, incorporating both categorical and continuous covariates, and used to identify sources of non-stationarity.     

The social construction of character

There has been increased interest in character strengths or virtues in recent years in social research and in various policy domains. However, while the notion of virtue has gained credibility in the fields of positive psychology and moral philosophy, it has yet to be satisfactorily considered from the perspective of social theory – in spite of the ongoing calls of researchers who have identified the need for further investigation into the role of culture and social context in the development of individuals' characters. In order to consider how good character and excellence in specific virtues are formed and sustained in social context, this article gives a theoretical account of character and virtue using well‐known microsociological concepts. It is argued that whereas virtues are often understood as psychological ‘traits’ or ‘dispositions’, they are also socially practiced and represented. Analyses of their related social processes are therefore appropriate and empirically promising, particularly in institutional settings, and can complement other theoretical and methodological approaches.     

Civic and Political Participation of Children and Adolescents: A Lifestyle Analysis for Positive Youth Developmental Programs

Social participation plays a key role in predicting positive youth development (PYD). As a previous step of this link, this research examined how children and adolescents' relational lifestyles influenced their participation in political and civic activities. This research provides a multi‐dimensional approach to the study of children's social participation, based on six children's lifestyles factors (i.e. family dialogue, risky behaviours, cultural activities, civic values, family supervision and peer group relationships). Using data from an international survey that included 6130 participants (2198 Spanish, 3932 Italian, Mage = 13.8), this study's results show that relational lifestyles (especially family dialogue and out‐of‐school cultural activities) are positively related to political and civic participation among children and adolescents. On the contrary, some peer group relationships decreased their social participation in those key dimensions for PYD. Limitations of the current study, implications for future policy decisions and applications to children social programs are discussed.     

Comparison of the estimators of the intra-cluster correlation for the nested error regression model

The intra-cluster correlation is insisted on nested error regression model that, in practice, is rarely known. This article demonstrates the size in generalized least squares (GLS) F-test using Fuller–Battese transformation and modification F-test. For the balanced case, the former using strictly positive, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) estimators of intra-cluster correlation can control the size for moderate intra-cluster correlations. For small intra-cluster correlation, they perform well when the numbers of cluster are large. The latter using the ANOVA estimator performs well except for small numbers of cluster. When intra-cluster correlation is large, it cannot control the size. For the unbalanced case, the GLS F-test using the Fuller–Battese transformation and the modification F-test using the strictly positive, the ANCOVA and the ANOVA estimators maintain the significance level for small total sample size and small intra-cluster correlations when there is a large variation in cluster sizes, but they perform well in controlling the size for large total sample size and small different variation in cluster sizes. Besides, Henderson’s method 3 estimator maintains the significance level for a few situations.