Changes in the association between social housing tenure and child outcomes across cohorts: comparing the millennium and British cohort studies

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, social housing in the UK has increasingly become the preserve of the poorest in society. This paper is the first to investigate how the child outcome penalties associated with social housing tenure have changed over time across UK cohorts. I compare the differences in the cognitive, mental health, and physical health outcomes of children in social housing with children in non-social housing and evaluate whether these tenure differences have changed between the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS) and the 2000 Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). I find that in both cohorts, children in social housing exhibit worse outcomes across all three dimensions (cognitive, mental health, and physical health) than children in non-social housing. For cognitive and physical health outcomes, however, the tenure difference has narrowed between the two cohorts, while for mental health outcomes, the tenure difference has widened. These results suggest that children have experienced a relative worsening in their mental health outcomes across cohorts, but also a relative improvement in both their cognitive and physical health outcomes. The findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing tenure inequalities in child outcomes should focus on mental health development in the early years.     

临清拗陷东部CO2成因、成藏条件及潜力

临清拗陷东部CO₂资源丰富，在古生界和新近系均发现了CO₂气藏。根据最新勘探和研究成果，并结合济阳拗陷与东濮凹陷的勘探实践，分析认为临清拗陷东部CO₂气藏气主要为幔源岩浆成因，浅层气藏中可能有煤成气过程中的伴生CO₂混入。通过对典型气藏的解剖，指出断裂活动和岩浆活动对临清拗陷东部CO₂的成藏有重要的控制作用。结合地质条件，指出了有利的勘探区带。     

The Influence of Parent Expectations and Parent-Child Relationships on Mental Health in Asian American and White American Families

Previous studies have suggested that Asian parents’ high academic expectations can lead to negative mental health outcomes among Asian American youth. We explore this hypothesis by analyzing data collected in an affluent, suburban high school with a large Asian American population. We examine the relationships between parent expectations, students’ relationships with their parents, and mental health outcomes among Asian American (predominantly Indian American and Chinese American) and white youth. We find that the quality of parent-child relationships is associated with mental health outcomes and that the association between parent expectations and mental health outcomes is insignificant after controlling for these relationships. We discuss significant differences by race and gender. The findings presented expand our understanding of the influence of Asian parents. They suggest that focusing on improving parent-child relationships, as opposed to altering parents’ expectations, might lead to improved mental health outcomes for Asian American youth, particularly for those in affluent communities.     

T立足城市优势的竞争力评价——以大连市为例

城市优势包含经济、环境、社会等各个方面的内容,是转化为城市竞争力的重要因素。以城市优势为着眼点评价城市竞争力,是不断挖掘城市发展的现实和潜在资源、准确把握城市定位的前提和基础,也是制定城市发展战略的重要参考。因此,在城市发展的不同阶段、不同时期,都应立足城市优势,对城市竞争力作出客观评价。     

Looking Inside the “Black Box”

Abstract

The continued devolution of social welfare systems and services in the U.S. resultsin high stakes program evaluations in the field of family support and early intervention. Programs are expected to utilize evidence-based interventions and to demonstrate effectiveness. A look at implementation helps to differentiate between theories that do not work and programs that are not effective. Methods for identifying program implementation are needed. In a 17-site program evaluation, the author and her colleagues developed a methodology for measuring implementation and demonstrated the effects of differential implementation in understanding program outcomes.     

论唐代对外交往诗歌的文化意义

作为唐王朝与四邻交往的直接产物,唐代对外交往诗歌具有多方面的文化意义,反映了唐王朝所开展的积极主动的外交在有效维护边防安全、密切与周边诸邻的友好往来及扩大对外部世界的认知方面所发挥的重要作用;同时也折射出当时东亚各族积极主动学习先进唐文化的历史现实,特别是新罗、日本等国所受唐文化之沾溉。除此之外,有唐三百年国势之盛衰变迁及其对于文人心理的深刻影响,也在此类诗歌中得到充分表现。     

Choice under complete uncertainty when outcome spaces are state dependent

One central objection to the maximin payoff criterion is that it focuses on the state that yields the lowest payoffs regardless of how low these are. We allow different states to have different sets of possible outcomes and show that the original axioms of Milnor (1954) continue to characterize the maximin payoff criterion, provided that the sets of payoffs achievable across states overlap. If instead payoffs in some states are always lower than in all others then ignoring the “bad” states is no longer inconsistent with these axioms. Similar dependence on overlap of outcome spaces across states holds for the minimax regret and maximin joy criteria.      

The ‘Full Potential’ of Uganda's Cotton Industry

During the 1960s, Uganda was the largest cotton producer in sub‐Saharan Africa. Attempts to revive the sector following its demise in the 1970s were unsuccessful in the 1980s and more effective in the 1990s. However, there is a sense that it still lags behind its full potential. Low quality of the cotton, lack of a domestic textile industry, and low use of purchased inputs due to lack of rural credit are identified as key constraints. This article argues that the fundamental problems are low profitability, which reflects the displacement of cotton by food crops, and the forced‐labour conditions under which cotton was grown. It concludes that promotion of biotechnology and training cotton growers are two areas that should receive priority.     

几种高效的大学英语词汇记忆法

词汇是英语学习中最基础的部分。如何记住那么多的单词是英语学习者必须面对的一大难题。针对这一难题 ,以Rebecca L . Oxford提出的记忆策略为出发点 ,结合我院大学生英语学习的实际情况 ,提出了词根法、联想法、归类法、辨析记忆法、全身心反应法等几种行之有效的单词记忆技巧