Youth Organizing,Identity-Support,and Youth Development Agencies as Avenues for Involvement

SUMMARY

What are the differences in outcomes among youth organizing and other efforts to involve young people at the community level?

This paper examines differences in developmental outcomes among youth organizing, identity-support, and traditional youth development agencies, with the finding that there are significant differences in outcomes such as civic activism and identity development. It reports that youth organizing agencies show higher levels of youth leadership, decision making, and community involvement in comparison with other agencies, and concludes that deliberate approaches to staffing and decision-making can influence youth outcomes.     

精读教学的语域视角

语言教学的主要目标是发展学生的"意义潜势",使之能够根据语境,在"潜势"中选择适合语境的语言.而语言随语境不同产生不同的变体正是语域理论的所关注的焦点.本文探讨了如何将语域理论的知识运用于大学英语精读课教学的实践.作者认为这种尝试有利于培养学生选择得体语言表达自己的能力,从而最终使其"意义潜势"得以发展.     

分相势垒的热力学分析

从热力学角度分析了分相过程中存在的势垒及其影响因素。     

新能源汽车消费促进政策对潜在消费者购买意愿的影响

如何提升潜在消费者的购买意愿对于促进新能源汽车市场发展至关重要。本文以SOR理论为基础,通过对河南省洛阳市四个县区的问卷调查,运用结构方程模型分析了新能源汽车消费促进政策对潜在消费者的影响。结果表明：①消费促进政策通过感知价值和感知风险对潜在消费者的购买意愿产生影响,其中充电政策的影响最大,路权政策次之,再次是宣传政策,购车政策的影响最小。因此,购车政策退坡后新能源汽车销量大幅下滑的局面不太可能发生。②潜在消费者更加关注新能源汽车的前期感知价值而较少关注后期的使用风险,宣传政策、购车政策及充电政策越完备,潜在消费者对新能源汽车的感知价值越高,越能激发其购买意愿。③在不同群体间,收入和教育背景对新能源汽车购买意愿的调节作用比较明显,高收入高学历的潜在消费者更加关注购车后的使用权益保障,即路权政策以及充电政策,而低学历低收入的潜在消费者更加关注前期的消费权益保障,即购车政策的经济激励。在政策各环节对感知风险的影响路径上,低收入以及低学历群体的感知风险普遍比高学历高收入群体要显著。鉴于此,本文提出,新能源汽车消费促进政策应注重充电市场的完善,将购车经济补贴政策逐步向充电基础设施以及路权优惠政策方面转移,且针对不同层次的潜在消费者要实施差异化、多元化的促销政策。     

要素密集度视角下中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作潜力及提升路径研究——基于254种产品贸易的证据

十年来,“一带一路”已成为新时代中国对外贸易合作的新亮点。文章基于新经济地理学理论,以“一带一路”沿线60个国家为研究样本,利用2001—2019年跨国面板数据,从空间视阈运用动态空间面板随机前沿模型检验了要素禀赋对中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作的影响效应,在此基础上分析了中国与“一带一路”国家贸易合作效率的变化特征,并分析了不同类别商品贸易的合作潜力,进而结合二维矩阵思想依据要素禀赋和贸易潜力的适配性提出未来释放贸易合作潜力的路径。研究结论表明:基于互联互通指数构建空间互联互通矩阵,检验发现中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作存在时间—空间双重正向依存关系,自然资源要素和资本要素对中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作具有显著促进作用,而劳动力要素方面存在一定“竞争关系”,创新要素的贸易促进效应尚未充分发挥。在控制变量方面,东道国经济规模、工业化程度、城镇化水平、两国间存在共同边界、签订协议和加入世界贸易组织贸易均有利于中国与“一带一路”国家间贸易合作,地理距离仍然是阻碍双边贸易合作的重要因素。除此之外,双边贸易合作还会受到非效率因素的影响,中国与“一带一路”沿线国家间贸易合作尚有较大拓展潜力,以上结论经过贸易距离矩阵和经济地理矩阵稳健性检验后依然成立。在异质性方面,进一步发现中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作存在明显产品异质性特征。在贸易效率方面,中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作效率不断提升,尚未达到“最优状态”。从贸易潜力层级看,再造型贸易伙伴数量最少,成长型贸易伙伴居多,不同类别产品贸易潜力层级结构呈现非均衡结构特征。最后,结合二维矩阵思想,依据要素禀赋与贸易潜力的适配性,可将贸易伙伴划分为集约高效型、效率引领型、稳步提升型和规模扩张型四类贸易伙伴,在此基础上提出单边突破式、扬优补短渐进式和跨越式三种贸易潜力释放路径,为促进“一带一路”实现“贸易畅通”,高质量推动共建“一带一路”提供重要参考和借鉴。     

Correlated discrete and continuous outcomes with endogeneity and lagged effects: past season yield impact on improved corn seed adoption

Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa have lower agricultural technology adoption rates compared to the rest of the world. It is believed that the past season yield affects a farmer''s capacity to take on the riskier improved seed variety; but this effect has not been studied. We quantify the effect of past season yield on improved corn seed use in future seasons while addressing the impact of the seed variety on yield. We develop a maximum likelihood method that addresses the fact that farmers self-select into a technology resulting in its effect on yield being endogenous. The method is unique since it models both lagged and endogenous effects in correlated discrete and continuous outcomes simultaneously. Due to the prescence of the lagged effect in a three year dataset, we also propose a solution to the initial conditions problem and demonstrate with simulations its effectiveness. We used survey longitudinal data collected from Kenyan corn farmers for three years. Our results show that higher past season yield increased the likelihood of adoption in future seasons. The simulation and empirical studies indicate that ignoring the self selection of improved seed use biases the results; we obtain a different sign in the covariance.     

Resistance training is linked to heightened positive motivational state and lower negative affect among healthy women aged 65–70

Resistance training (RT) improves overall health, but the psychological effects of RT in healthy old adults have not been tested. The aim of this study was to investigate a sample of 65–70-year-old healthy and physically active women to assess their sense of coherence, health-related quality of life, hope, and affect, before and after taking part in a 24-week RT intervention (N = 14), compared to controls (N = 18). Findings showed a significant increase in hope (p = 0.013) and a significant decrease in negative affect (p = 0.002). Starting RT after age 65 does not appear to negatively impact on women’s psychological health but seems to be associated with important psychological health benefits.     

The Waterbirth Project: São Bernardo Hospital experience

Introduction

The following quantitative observational study aimed to analyse the maternal and neonatal outcomes of 90 low-risk pregnant women who gave birth in water at São Bernardo Hospital.

Overcoming barriers: Effects of entering vocational rehabilitation on labour market outcomes

Vocational rehabilitation aims at getting people with health problems or disabilities back into work. In Germany, the Public Employment Service is a central provider of vocational rehabilitation services targeted at unemployed people. Against this background, the study examined the labour market effects of vocational rehabilitation for people registered as unemployed with the Public Employment Service. A comparison of the accepted and the rejected applicants for vocational rehabilitation using inverse probability weighting based on propensity scores provides an insight into its effects. The results suggest that the employment prospects of persons who were accepted in the programme improved modestly after the third‐year following application. A subgroup analysis identified stronger re‐employment effects of acceptance into vocational rehabilitation in eastern Germany as well as for men and older individuals.     

Going Against the Flow: A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Cognitive Skills and Gender Beliefs on Occupational Aspirations and Outcomes1

Occupational sex segregation persists in part due to cultural beliefs in the existence of gender differences in skills. This article explores potential resistance to the gender‐typical aspirations and outcomes that re‐create occupational sex segregation: cognitive skills in gender‐atypical areas (i.e., math skills for women and verbal skills for men) and beliefs about women’s prioritization of family over paid work. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 cohort, I find that individuals with skills in areas considered gender atypical have less traditional occupational aspirations and outcomes than their otherwise‐similar counterparts. This process varies by gender, however. The results reflect the differential valuation of math and verbal skills. I conclude that programs designed to encourage women to pursue gender‐atypical occupations that align with their gender‐atypical skills are focusing on the least resistant group.