论动物法律地位

动物权利论或者动物主体论是一个时髦的话题。保护动物是否意味着要赋予动物权利或者将动物上升为法律主体?动物权利论或动物主体论在理论和实践中是否站得住脚?针对以上问题,笔者认为动物权利论和动物主体论在理论与实践中均存在无法克服的障碍,动物在法律上仍应当作为特殊物、特殊的权利客体来看待,并提出我国的立法中动物法律地位的应有定位。     

我国海岛经济价值分析及其开发保护策略——以舟山群岛为例

以舟山群岛为例,分析了海岛的经济价值是客观存在的,海岛经济价值随着效用的不断体现而得以增长。为充分利用海岛经济价值,应采取逐岛规划,分类开发;改善条件,加快开发;依靠科技,科学开发;着力修复,保护开发等对策,并需要国家给予相应的政策支持。     

浅析城市化进程中失地农民利益的维护

土地是农民安身立命的基础,在没有建立一套完善的保障农民就业、生活、就医、养老等问题的机制之前,失去土地就意味着失去保障。本文从改革征地政策,严格控制征地数量;完善征地补偿机制,提高补偿标准;建立与健全农村社会保障制度等方面论述了对失地农民利益维护的途径。     

保护女性性受害者应注意的几个问题

遭受性侵害的女性,其巨大的痛苦往往不仅仅来自直接的性侵害行为所造成的身体伤害本身,而且还来自侦查和诉讼过程中对女性人格权、隐私权的第二次侵害。文章就许多媒体纷纷报道的某地警方为抓获犯罪嫌疑人而设计“二次强奸”的抓捕方案,让被害人再次受辱一案为背景,论述了刑事警察在侦破女性性受害案中应注意的几个问题：要充分认识性侵害案的严重性及其特点;树立科学、人性的侦查理念;要及时立案和安抚受害人;在侦查过程中要注意对女性性受害人的保护;加大宣传力度和提高破案技术。     

当前农村土地流转制度中存在的问题及其成因分析

土地的不可再生性和稀缺性,决定了土地资源的合理利用与保护是一个永恒的研究课题,如何有效配置与合理利用土地资源是土地法律制度的核心课题。虽然《农村土地承包法》和《物权法》构建了农村土地制度的基本框架,使农村土地承包经营权得到较为完善的法律保障,然而也存在着诸多缺陷。通过实地问卷调查,客观地反映我国当代社会“三农”现状,同时结合我国当前的政治及法律现状,努力使构建的农村土地流转体系成为对“现实有效的社会秩序”。     

论宋代对私权的法律调整

纵观中国法制的历史,有宋一代重视对经济生活调整、规制,具体表现为对民众的法律人格、个人意志和契约一定程度的认知和尊重,对民众利益的保护达到前所未有的程度,在制度确立的立法选择和制度实施的司法实践中呈现许多进步特征.     

The child in child protection: Invisible and unheard

The paper presents findings from a qualitative study of four child death reviews published in Australia. The study was informed by the theoretical concept of childism. A critical social research methodology facilitated the exposure of childist dynamics in statutory child protection. The transformation of child protection practices and systems has traditionally relied on the imposition of never‐ending structural changes, policies, and procedures. This paper proposes that transformation and the erosion of childist dynamics is contingent on humane and ethical statutory child protection agencies.     

A green social work perspective on social work during the time of COVID‐19

COVID‐19 has challenged social workers to engage with health pandemics and provide essential services in conditions of uncertainty and high risk. They have safeguarded children, older adults and diverse adults in ‘at risk’ groups under tough conditions mediated by digital technologies, adhered to government injunctions, maintained social and physical distancing under lockdown and worked from home remotely. Social workers and social care workers have risen to the challenges, providing services with inadequate personal protective equipment and limited supervision and support. This article highlights the degraded physical environments, socio‐economic and political contexts that intensify precariousness and constraints that neoliberalism imposed on professional capacity before and during this health pandemic. It provides guidelines to protect practitioners and service users. It concludes that practitioners ought to understand zoonotic diseases, environmental concerns, acquire disaster expertise and training, widen their practice portfolio and value their contributions to this pandemic. Key Practitioner Message: ? Develop technological skills and innovate to support stressed individuals, safeguard children, adolescents and elders and deal with poverty and unemployment; ? Use digital technologies involving peers to explore tricky situations, examine ethical dilemmas through scenario building exercises, and tips for self‐care; ? Contribute to environmental protections that prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases like COVID‐19; ? Seek supervision and support for disaster‐based training from your line manager.     

人工智能到底存在什么风险：一种类型学的划分

当前人类社会正在展开以人工智能技术为核心标志的第四次工业革命，人工智能在赋能人类达致美好生活方面充满光明的前景，但是也潜藏不少可能抵消其赋能功效的风险。不同于早期人们偏重于对人工智能的乐观想象，近年来人工智能的风险话语逐渐显现并扩散乃至走向失序。类型化是解决人工智能风险话语失序问题的有效尝试。基于主体维度和时限维度可以将人工智能风险划分为四大类型：国家主体在短期时限内面临的失业风险、国家主体在长期时限内面临的消权风险、社会主体在短期时限内面临的隐私风险、社会主体在长期时限内面临的意义风险。