How to ask sensitive multiple-choice questions

Motivated by recent failures of polling to estimate populist party support, we propose and analyze two methods for asking sensitive multiple-choice questions where the respondent retains some privacy and therefore might answer more truthfully. The first method consists of asking for the true choice along with a choice picked at random. The other method presents a list of choices and asks whether the preferred one is on the list or not. Different respondents are shown different lists. The methods are easy to explain, which makes it likely that the respondent understands how her privacy is protected and may thus entice her to participate in the survey and answer truthfully. The methods are also easy to implement and scale up.     

论我国40年来刑事司法的价值追求

历经40年发展,我国的刑事司法取得重大进步,最重要的是刑事诉讼立法的进步,关键是不同时期立法价值追求的与时俱进和伴随时离时合的实践。1979年起我国刑事司法以阶级斗争为中心,追求裹挟于打击犯罪之中的真实再现,注重实体公正。1996年《刑事诉讼法》修改,程序公正开始制度化,但实践效果不理想。2012年《刑事诉讼法》再修改,是1996年程序公正制度化的再推进,是在人权保障层面上的新展开,但办案人员在某些个案中基于法外利益考虑而置程序公正于不顾的做法仍在延续。2018年《刑事诉讼法》第三次修改,有对程序公正和人权保障的促进,也有对反腐败法治化的呼应。党的十八大以来,我国刑事司法的价值追求在既往基础上继续拓展,最终要以人民为中心彰显司法的公信力,在立法推进、司法能动、当事人参与和民众关注下,要把人权保障、程序公正与实体公正整合到中国人对刑事司法的信任与司法权威的自觉彰显之中。     

Three scenarios for the future of work

After presenting a historical overview of the concept of work and the different meanings that it has acquired over the centuries, the author analyses the value it holds for Europeans, and the impact on work and employment of the popular rhetoric about a technological revolution and its “inevitable” consequences. She then considers the future of work in the light of three scenarios: a “dismantling of labour law”, a “technological revolution” (where automation brings an end to employment), and an “environmental transition”. She argues that the latter is compatible with the imperative to take action on climate change and the expectations placed in work and employment.     

What does empathy sound like in social work communication? A mixed‐methods study of empathy in child protection social work practice

It is widely accepted that empathy is important for social work practice, yet there are multiple dimensions of empathy and comparatively few studies of empathy as a component of social work skill. To date, published studies have been quantitative, and as a result, we know little about how social workers demonstrate empathy in practice or what skilled empathic practice in child and family social work might sound like. This study contributes to the development of understanding of empathy as a social work skill through a mixed‐methods analysis of 110 audio recordings of meetings in a child protection service between workers and parents, applying a coding framework for analysis. Findings indicate that workers who demonstrate higher levels of empathy skill use more open questions and reflections in their communication with parents. Further, they demonstrate curiosity about and make efforts to understand parents' often difficult experiences, including a focus on emotions. That the majority of workers were found not to demonstrate a high level of empathy skill presents concerns to be considered by the social work profession. A deeper understanding of empathy presents an opportunity for an increased focus in organizations to enable workers to demonstrate empathy towards families they work with.     

论人工智能领域个人信息安全法律保护

人工智能时代的个人数据和信息支撑着人工智能系统的运行，个人信息在当下的重要性和具有的价值已不言而喻。个人信息的识别要素包括"可识别性"和"可固定性"，人工智能领域的个人信息在此基础上呈现出不同形式，包括被"智能物"收集的个人信息和被智能系统分析得出的个人信息。而人工智能在不同情形中侵犯个人信息，其侵权主体在现行法律的规定下难以判定。"智造时代"，人工智能严重威胁着个人信息的安全。因此，在人工智能时代到来的同时，更应当对人工智能领域中的个人信息安全问题提供有效的法律保障。     

The home visit in child protection social work: Emotion as resource and risk for professional judgement and practice

This article conceptualises the role of emotion in social work home visits. It draws on findings from a qualitative study of initial child protection home visits in the United Kingdom. The research used narrative interviews and focus groups to examine how emotions arising from visits were registered in social workers' narratives. These visits were often challenging; social workers needed to manage their own emotions and those of the family, while at the same time investigating concerns and assessing need. This article identifies seven key emotional experiences associated with the home visit from the perspective of the social worker: going into the unknown; being intrusive; being disliked; fear of harm to self; fear of causing or allowing harm; pain, disgust, and distress; and “absorbing” emotion. It is argued that emotion plays a central role in home visiting and that professionals' emotional responses have important implications for the way they make sense of, and manage, home visits. Emotion is therefore conceptualized as both a potential resource and risk for social workers' professional judgement and practice.     

论西北地区资源开发与生态环境保护的制度建设

脆弱的生态环境是制约西北地区发展的首要因素,而传统的生产经营模式必将进一步加剧生态环境的破坏,必须放弃。西北地区资源开发与生态环境治理之间形成尖锐矛盾的深层次原因在于人与人之间的利益分配和责任分担失衡,即具有有限理性的利益主体以社会公众和他人利益为代价来换取自身利益最大化,但却不承担相应的社会责任。因此,要促使西北地区生产经营方式发生根本性转变,就必须以利益调整为核心,以生态环境保护主体的行为特点为逻辑起点,以切实可行的成本机制和激励机制为根本措施和有力保障。     

Every child matters: a legal perspective

Recent legal and policy changes, including the introduction of the Human Rights Act, provide the context for the new child welfare and protection policies proposed for England. These proposals are discussed from a legal perspective in relation to early and coordinated intervention, sharing information between agencies and with children and families, partnership with children, information management, and structural and legal change. Consideration is also given to issues overlooked by the Green Paper, such as immigration and asylum, youth justice and the whole family justice system. The discussion concludes by arguing for the need for integrating cultural and structural change and for leadership (and investment of resources) across government to achieve such goals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高校学生视力状况剖析

通过对电子科技大学的１９９０、１９９１年两届大学毕业生视力状况的分析，指出了采取有效措施保护学生视力的必要性。     

高校知识产权管理问题探析

就高校知识产权管理所面临的问题 ,以及高校知识产权流失的主要形式作出归纳分析 ,并提出相应对策 ,以期能够通过采用更规范、更科学、更有效的管理方式 ,提升高校知识产权的管理水平 ,从而防止高校知识产权的流失。