“双碳”目标约束下的中国城市群高质量发展SD模型与模拟

高质量碳排放已成为未来我国经济高质量发展的重要目标之一。将碳排放和碳吸收作为主控要素嵌入系统动力学(SD)模型,构建基于“双碳”目标约束的中国城市群高质量发展SD模型,运用2019年数据和系统参数,模拟预测在基准情景和高质量发展情景下,2030年和2060年的城市群碳达峰、碳中和情况。结果表明:真实性检验证明模型模拟效果良好,具有可操作性;在基准情景下,“双碳”目标难以实现,碳排放系统濒临崩溃,但在高质量发展情景下,除中部城市群外,其他城市群均能在“十四五”规划提出的年限内实现“双碳”目标;城市群高质量发展过程中要想真正实现“双碳”目标,要明确低碳技术是重要手段,工业转型是关键,同时要实现能源和产业结构系统性变革,促进绿色经济能源使用。     

自由贸易试验区设立能否促进外资利用结构优化——基于在华绿地投资的实证检验

通过提升高技术行业外资利用占比来优化外资利用结构是中国经济高质量发展的重要支撑。基于2009—2019年中国地级市行业层面绿地投资数据,通过三重差分模型分析了自由贸易试验区设立对于外资利用结构的影响。研究表明,自由贸易试验区设立能够显著提升所在城市高技术行业外资利用的相对规模,从而提升外资利用结构中高技术行业的占比,优化外资利用结构。进一步分析表明,自由贸易试验区更多地吸引了来自知识产权保护水平较高母国的跨国投资,同时自由贸易试验区设立对于外资利用结构的影响在政策不确定性较大的地区表现更为明显。此外,对于中西部地区和经济规模较小的城市,自由贸易试验区设立对外资利用结构优化的促进效应更强。因此,中国应继续鼓励自由贸易试验区的发展,总结和推广自由贸易试验区的先进经验,通过打造高标准投资环境实现外资利用结构的优化升级。     

发达国家农业知识产权服务体系对我国的启示

在新形势下,建立和运行我国农业知识产权服务体系是当前的一项紧迫任务。通过梳理美国、日本和韩国农业知识产权服务业培育的做法,汲取其农业知识产权服务体系建设的有益经验,结合我国实际,提出我国农业知识产权服务体系发展对策：健全农业知识产权服务制度体系;建立农业知识产权服务业部门协作机制;完善农业知识产权公共服务体系;培育农业知识产权服务市场;重视农业知识产权转化应用;发挥农业知识产权服务“第三方组织”的作用。     

应用程序商店著作权侵权问题研究

针对应用程序商店存在的著作权侵权问题,分析并对比安卓与苹果应用程序商店的商业经营模式,认为两者具有不同的法律属性:苹果应用程序商店更接近于网络交易平台,负有审查义务且不适用"避风港"原则,只能构成直接侵权;而安卓应用程序商店属于信息储存空间类的网络服务提供商,不负有审查义务且适用"避风港"原则,直接侵权行为与间接侵权行为并存;提出对应用版权的保护不仅要达到版权人、应用程序商店与公众三方之间的利益平衡,更要注重不同性质的应用程序商店在版权保护中所扮演的角色及应承担的责任.     

博物馆文化资源开发的产权确认与授权思考

中国博物馆文化资源丰富,博物馆文化资源的产业开发虽然与境外国家博物馆文化资源的产业开发有较大差距,但已呈现蒸蒸日上的发展态势.馆藏文化资源的“活化”利用在文化创意产品的开发中,发挥着愈来愈重要的作用.博物馆文化资源开发的实质,在于产权交易,通过藏品的产权确认、物权处置、版权授权等交易流程呈现出来.博物馆藏品原件的物权归属和藏品版权的确认,使博物馆在文化创意产业发展中可通过版权授权制度,为博物馆藏品的“保护与利用”寻找新的发展路径,推动博物馆文化创意产业迅速发展.     

Estimation of group means in generalized linear mixed models

In this study, we investigate the concept of the mean response for a treatment group mean as well as its estimation and prediction for generalized linear models with a subject‐wise random effect. Generalized linear models are commonly used to analyze categorical data. The model‐based mean for a treatment group usually estimates the response at the mean covariate. However, the mean response for the treatment group for studied population is at least equally important in the context of clinical trials. New methods were proposed to estimate such a mean response in generalized linear models; however, this has only been done when there are no random effects in the model. We suggest that, in a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), there are at least two possible definitions of a treatment group mean response that can serve as estimation/prediction targets. The estimation of these treatment group means is important for healthcare professionals to be able to understand the absolute benefit vs risk. For both of these treatment group means, we propose a new set of methods that suggests how to estimate/predict both of them in a GLMMs with a univariate subject‐wise random effect. Our methods also suggest an easy way of constructing corresponding confidence and prediction intervals for both possible treatment group means. Simulations show that proposed confidence and prediction intervals provide correct empirical coverage probability under most circumstances. Proposed methods have also been applied to analyze hypoglycemia data from diabetes clinical trials.     

“特别301条款”运行机制研究

通过对美国贸易法“特别301条款”的历史演变和运行机制的研究，分析其与WTO规则之间相互配合，同时又为自己保留“法外”空间的现状，判断其未来将如何在WTO规则对其有利时，作为监督与审查他国的工具；反之，则越过WTO规则以自己的标准提出苛刻要求。对此，中国应加快自身发展，增强实力，才能改变被动局面。     

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》视域中的交往与共产主义

在黑格尔将特殊性原则主导的市民社会趋向作为普遍性与特殊性伦理统一的国家看作必然性的地方,《论犹太人问题》时期的马克思则看到了"国家不能挽救市民社会于自身之中",并且"国家的秘密在市民社会之中"。因此,马克思开始从市民社会内部探索自由的障碍以及自由的实现问题。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》时期的马克思将自由的障碍以及自由的实现表述为劳动异化、私有财产异化以及造成这一异化的深层根源的交往异化和"私有财产即人的自我异化"积极扬弃的共产主义。     

YOUR SECOND LIFE?

This article examines the performativity of intellectual property in digital gaming environments, with a focus on Massively Multi-Player On Line Games (MMOGs). The analysis centers on the creation and management of goodwill, an intangible asset of considerable value to corporations based on affective bonds between consumers, corporations, and their commodities in the marketplace. Most critical analyses of intellectual property consider neither the centrality of goodwill to corporate management of their intellectual properties in digital environments, nor the significance of the legal conditions that structure activity in such contexts. We develop a theoretical framework based on cultures of circulation involving network sociality, circuits of interactivity and the extensibility of the computer/user interface. This enables us to better understand shifting relations of power and reciprocity between corporations and consumers in digital gaming contexts, where the division between player-consumption and player-production is increasingly blurred. Technological capacities for consumers to become producers of gaming content changes the terrain upon which conflicts between corporations and consumers about intellectual property are negotiated and enhances the value of goodwill. An examination of Linden Lab's Second Life – one of the fastest growing MMOGs and the first to affirm players’ intellectual property rights in their digital creations – provides an illustration of both the limits and possibilities afforded by goodwill as a form of emerging governance in game worlds.     

国有商业银行经营的现状和对策

“入世”对中国的国有商业银行来说面临机遇和挑战。面对我国国有商业银行的经营现状———产权制度不合理、宏观调控力度不够、经营管理水平较低、业务种类较少 ,我们必须进行改革 ,改变单一国有的产权制度 ,充实自有资本 ,加强经营管理 ,不断进行金融创新。只有这样 ,我们的国有商业银行才能在竞争中站稳脚跟 ,求得生存和发展。