Estimation of finite population mean in simple and stratified random sampling using two auxiliary variables

We propose an improved difference-cum-exponential ratio type estimator for estimating the finite population mean in simple and stratified random sampling using two auxiliary variables. We obtain properties of the estimators up to first order of approximation. The proposed class of estimators is found to be more efficient than the usual sample mean estimator, ratio estimator, exponential ratio type estimator, usual two difference type estimators, Rao (1991) estimator, Gupta and Shabbir (2008) estimator, and Grover and Kaur (2011) estimator. We use six real data sets in simple random sampling and two in stratified sampling for numerical comparisons.     

Beyond interviewer effects in the standardized measurement of ego-centric networks

The effects which interviewers exert on the collection of ego-centric networks have recently come into the focus of methodological considerations. Studies consistently show that the size of networks varies depending on the interviewer. We would like to expand on this research strand by pointing to different aspects which have so far gone unremarked in the discussion. First, size is mainly analysed as a network measure which is influenced during data collection, while other common measures such as network density or composition have not received sufficient consideration. Second, large-scale surveys using face-to-face interviews usually allocate interviewers to a single sampling point. Differences between sampling points (locality effects) are attributed to interviewer effects. Hence, we disentangle the effects of the locality and interviewer. Third, the discussion on interviewer effects often follows an “actor-oriented” consideration of how data collection situations are structured by interviewers. Expanding this approach from a relational perspective, we consider the relationship between the interviewers and respondents and whether this relationship influences the collection of network data. To test our hypotheses about the influence of interviewers, the locality and the interviewer-respondent relationship on different network measures, we use data from the 2010 German General Social Survey (n = 2827 respondents, n = 220 interviewers). The multilevel analyses show that the relationship between the interviewer and the respondent is not very relevant. Furthermore, the analyses show that interviewers have an influence on the network size but not on measures of their composition. However, evidence on the prevalence of locality or interviewer effects is mixed. Finally, homophilous interviewer-respondent relationships have very little effect on network characteristics. We find evidence of training and fatigue effects on network size. However, much of the variation in network size caused by the interviewer still remains unexplained. We draw conclusions on how to organize interview situations in surveys.     

Mortality among elder abuse victims in rural Malaysia: A two-year population-based descriptive study

Our study aims at describing mortality among reported elder abuse experiences in rural Malaysia. This is a population-based cohort study with a multistage cluster sampling method. Older adults in Kuala Pilah (n = 1,927) were interviewed from November 2013 to May 2014. Mortality was traced after 2 years using the National Registration Department database. Overall, 139 (7.2%) respondents died. Fifteen (9.6%) abuse victims died compared to 124 (7.0%) not abused. Mortality was highest with financial abuse (13%), followed by psychological abuse (10.8%). There was a dose-response relationship between mortality and clustering of abuse: 7%, 7.7%, and 14.0% for no abuse, one type, and two types or more, respectively. Among abuse victims, 40% of deaths had ill-defined causes, 33% were respiratory-related, and 27% had cardiovascular and metabolic origin. Results suggest a link between abuse and mortality. Death proportions varied according to abuse subtypes and gender.     

心理资本:组织竞争优势之源

从心理资本的概念与构成维度、心理资本的测量与干预、心理资本的影响效应研究三个方面对心理资本做了阐述。在对国内外现有文献进行回顾和评述的基础上,指出现有研究的不足,提出了对未来的展望。     

对行政诉讼调解制度的冷思考

行政诉讼调解制度对当下中国的行政诉讼法发展有着不可忽视的消极作用,它将行政诉讼的目的定位为解决纠纷,淡化了行政诉讼保护相对人合法权益的目的,妨碍了行政诉讼独特的宪政功能的发挥,并导致了行政法规则在诉讼中的模糊化,使行政诉讼所承担的对行政法的告示、指引、预测、教育等作用无从发挥,行政违法的责任也随之淡化。而学界肯定行政诉讼调解制度的理由如行政裁量权的存在、中国无讼厌讼传统、外国存在相关制度等,均无法成立。由此,中国在当下不应建立行政诉讼调解制度。     

非范畴化与回文结构逆向对称重叠

回文语言的独特性,绝妙的文字驾驭,是其它修辞所无法比拟的。从认知语言学角度分析回文的语义范畴,认为回文语义存在一定非范畴化特征,即在语义上表现为范畴成员逆向对称重叠的并列组合关系;句法上,范畴成员位置移动,突破了组合关系或聚合关系的常规限制,使得回文的后部分语义发生非范畴化变异;语境上,在认知参照点的作用下,回文的前后部分语义关系可能相似而形成统一关系,也可能相反而产生对立关系。这种关系使得回文语义发生非范畴化变异,在语用功能上违背了常规语言关系的限制,从而实现回文前景化语言的震撼性修辞表达效果。     

试论秘书的参谋作用

秘书的参谋作用是客观存在的,是不能否定的,但不能夸大秘书的参谋作用。秘书为领导当好参谋,主动提供信息,献计献策,发挥参谋作用。正确认识这个问题,有助于在企业领导管理工作中充分发挥秘书的作用,也有助于推动秘书职业化的进程。     

手机游戏产业繁荣背后社会负面效应的规避

伴随智能手机的逐渐普及,手机游戏产业日益成为数字娱乐文化产业中的主力军。由于国内手机游戏用户数量大、年龄低的特点,以及智能手机使手机游戏呈现出游戏载体智能化、游戏软件多样化、厂商利益链条化、政府监管复杂化等新特点,手机游戏产业存在游戏软件安全性、合法性以及游戏内容健康性等社会负面问题。为使手机游戏产业健康发展,制作商应把效益与文化建设相融合;用户提高安全意识,家长转变对游戏的态度,重视但不过分夸大游戏的负面效应;政府制定游戏分级制度、加大对公益类、教育类游戏软件开发的支持、保护手机游戏软件知识产权,争取把手机游戏产业打造成文化产业链中新的“金蛋”。     

行政行为效力体系理论的回顾与反思

行政行为效力理论研究是行政法学领域最为薄弱的环节之一,学术界对于行政行为效力基本概念的理解及理论术语的运用仍存在较大分歧,还没有形成一个科学、完整的概念体系.我们认为,行政行为效力体系的构建不仅要有理论自身的自洽性,而且要能够揭示行政行为效力的本质属性,体现行政管理的特色.就行政决定的效力内容体系而言,可划分为存续力、既决力和实现力;行政决定的效力具有相对性和动态性.