关于“中国和平崛起发展道路”的若干思考

"和平崛起"是中国新世纪发展战略的精辟概括,是具有极大政治意义和理论学术意义的重大课题.     

教会女校与中国近代女子教育

教会女校是中国半殖民地半封建社会的产物,带有"文化侵略"的性质,但是在客观上教会女校冲击了中国旧的教育制度,开创了中国女子教育的先河,为中国培养了早一批知识女性,从而促进了中国近代女子教育的产生和发展。     

中共十六大与中共历史研究

中共十六大的召开对中共历史研究具有多方面的指导和推动作用。本文择其大端,分别从正式确立"三个代表"重要思想在全党的指导地位、提出"全面建设小康社会"思想和将"与时俱进"提升为党的思想路线等三个方面进行探讨,论述了中共十六大对指导和推动中共历史学科发展的作用。这种研究,对中共历史学本身的发展,是很有意义的。     

Comparing the Fisher information in record data and random observations

We compare the Fisher information (FI) contained in the firstn record values and record times with the FI inn i. i. d. observations. General results are established for exponential family and Weibull type setups, and a summary table is provided listing several common distributions. We show that the FI in record data improves notably once the record times are included, often changing from being less to being equal or greater than the FI in a random sample of the same size. The behavior in the Weibull case is surprising. There it depends onn, whether the record or the i.i. d. observations have more FI. We propose new estimators based on record data. The results may be of interest in some life testing situations. Supported in part by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) grant # 1010222 of Chile.     

Modeling Event Times with Multiple Outcomes Using the Wiener Process with Drift

Length of stay in hospital (LOS) is a widely used outcome measure in Health Services research, often acting as a surrogate for resource consumption or as a measure of efficiency. The distribution of LOS is typically highly skewed, with a few large observations. An interesting feature is the presence of multiple outcomes (e.g. healthy discharge, death in hospital, transfer to another institution). Health Services researchers are interested in modeling the dependence of LOS on covariates, often using administrative data collected for other purposes, such as calculating fees for doctors. Even after all available covariates have been included in the model, unexplained heterogeneity usually remains. In this article, we develop a parametric regression model for LOS that addresses these features. The model is based on the time, T, that a Wiener process with drift (representing an unobserved health level process) hits one of two barriers, one representing healthy discharge and the other death in hospital. Our approach to analyzing event times has many parallels with competing risks analysis (Kalbfleisch and Prentice, The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1980)), and can be seen as a way of formalizing a competing risks situation. The density of T is an infinite series, and we outline a proof that the density and its derivatives are absolutely and uniformly convergent, and regularity conditions are satisfied. Expressions for the expected value of T, the conditional expectation of T given outcome, and the probability of each outcome are available in terms of model parameters. The proposed regression model uses an approximation to the density formed by truncating the series, and its parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood. An extension to allow a third outcome (e.g. transfers out of hospital) is discussed, as well as a mixture model that addresses the issue of unexplained heterogeneity. The model is illustrated using administrative data.     

欧美公务员分类制度的基本特征及其历史演变

近现代公务员制度建立以后,尽管西方国家解决了选官中“恩赐制”和“政党分肥制”所带来的种种弊端,把住了公务员“入口”这一关键的环节。但是,如何科学地对公务员进行分类管理,仍然是当时西方国家所面临的重要问题。经过近两个世纪的实践,西方国家逐渐形成了两种具有典型类型特征的分类制度：即以英国为代表的“品位分类”制度和以美国为代表的“职位分类”制度。与此同时,也出现了以法国为代表的将“品位分类”与“职位分类”结合起来的第三种分类模式。     

关于翻译工作中"读者"因素的几点考虑

"读者"因素作为翻译理论与实践的一部分一直为许多学者所关注.由于涉及面广,内容复杂,对这一问题的研究决非几个人或几篇文章的力量所能完成.笔者在论文中仅就自己的体会谈一谈对这个问题的几点看法.首先,译者在主观上应充分重视"读者"环节;其次,译者应从整体上把握"读者"概念,并以当前真实的读者为主要考虑对象;第三,要正确处理好异域因素和读者接受之间的关系.     

中西古代空间认知观的对比研究

空间概念是人类认知经验的结晶,是一个经历从"天官意物"到"心有征知"漫长认知的过程.人们通过联觉器官(五觉)感知外部世界的空间关系,形成与具体的、个别的事物间的方位经验;人们分析概括并内化所获得的方位经验,形成空间方位意象;在方位意象的基础上,人们经过不断地思维抽象,最终获得空间概念.文章旨在对中西古代空间论述研究的基础上,揭示中西古代空间认知思想,诠释中西古代空间认知观的异同,为进一步研究空间认知思想奠定哲学基础.     

论教育本体与生活世界

教育总是时代的教育,不同的时代具有不同的教育理念、不同的教育口号以及不同的教育行为方式.现时代是一个后现代时代,教育不可回避地具有了后现代性.与教育的本体具有一致性的后现代思想当属"生活世界",生活世界是属人的世界,教育本体就在于成人;另一方面,教育从其发生学意义上讲,本体则在于与生活世界的互动.因此,用生活世界的哲学指导我们当今的教育应该说是具有教育本体意义.     

嘉靖《保宁府志》俗字考释七则

嘉靖《保宁府志》是明代编纂的记载四川阆中的方志,其中包含了大量的俗字。对嘉靖《保宁府志》中俗字“ ” “ ” “ ”“ ” “ ” “ ”和“ ”进行考释,以冀对嘉靖《保宁府志》的研究和《汉语大字典》《中华字海》等辞书的修订有所裨益。