刍议民办本科高校优秀师资的引进

论述民办本科高校引进优秀师资的重要性和迫切性,从人才观、制度和环境建设、教学与科研关系等多方面探讨如何引进优秀师资问题,提出了若干有益的对策建议。     

重庆普通高校学科建设与布局结构调整的若干思考

加强学科建设与布局结构调整既是高校内涵式发展的基本内容,也是高等教育主动适应经济社会发展的重要举措和基本途径。文章通过分析加快重庆普通高校学科建设与布局结构调整的时代背景和现实要求,提出重庆普通高校学科建设与布局结构调整应以"314"总体部署为总纲,围绕"科学发展、富民兴渝"总任务,主动适应"五大功能区"建设,按照"适应需求、创新引领,扩大规模、调整结构,内涵发展、提升水平,统筹建设、重点突破,创新机制、协同推进"的基本思路,以提升学科创新能力和水平、支撑国家和地方经济社会发展为主线,以育人为根本,以质量为核心,大力增强重庆市普通高校学科建设的优势特色和核心竞争力,为在西部率先实现全面建设小康社会目标提供有力支撑。     

论汉字的构形理据及其演变

汉字初创时的象形特征非常明显,后随着社会的发展变化,汉字字体不断改变,由甲骨文至金文至小篆,其象形特征日渐消失;汉字字体演变为隶书、楷书后,其象形特征基本消失。在字体的演变过程中,汉字的笔画形态、部件的组合关系均有不同程度的改变,甚至是部分汉字的意义发生了不同性质的变化;这些变化不可避免地影响到汉字的构形理据,并使其产生某种程度的改变。考察我国目前使用的通行字,我们发现,它们有的完全保留了汉字初创时的构形理据,有的部分保留,有的丢失了构形理据,有的则根本找不到构形理据。构形理据的保留或部分保留是汉字发展演变的必然,但构形理据的丧失或根本找不到构形理据则与人为地改造汉字、构造新字有关。     

加权改进模糊相似选择方法及其应用

本文对改进模糊相似选择方法作出了进一步的改进,综合权重和海明距离两方面因素,对事物按优劣程度排序,从而更加准确有效,符合实际。     

一般形式线性分式规划的一个解法

本文提出一个直接处理一般形式线性分式规划的算法而不需要把问题的约束条件转化为标准形式。无需非退化假设条件。我们证明了算法在有限步后终止于原问题的最优解。     

普通初中以奖学奖教构建和谐向上的人文学风和校风

初中短短的三年却是人生的一个较为重要的转折期和塑造期,这个阶段的学生很容易受到来自老师和同学们或褒或贬,促善或流俗的成长影响。所以要让普通初中每一个学生顺利而烂漫地度过他们的花季,必须构建一个和谐向上的人文化的学风和校风。根据初中生的身心特点和教育规律,汲取传统教育和地方文化的优势,我们拟以一所普通初中作为范例,进行奖学奖教人文学风和校风建设探索。     

A Class of Pseudolikelihood Ratio Tests for Homogeneity in Exponential Tilt Mixture Models

Mixture models are commonly used in biomedical research to account for possible heterogeneity in population. In this paper, we consider tests for homogeneity between two groups in the exponential tilt mixture models. A novel pairwise pseudolikelihood approach is proposed to eliminate the unknown nuisance function. We show that the corresponding pseudolikelihood ratio test has an asymptotic distribution as a supremum of two squared Gaussian processes under the null hypothesis. To maintain the appeal of simplicity for conventional likelihood ratio tests, we propose two alternative tests, both shown to have a simple asymptotic distribution of under the null. Simulation studies show that the proposed class of pseudolikelihood ratio tests performs well in controlling type I errors and having competitive powers compared with the current tests. The proposed tests are illustrated by an example of partial differential expression detection using microarray data from prostate cancer patients.     

Simplex Mixed‐Effects Models for Longitudinal Proportional Data

Abstract. Continuous proportional outcomes are collected from many practical studies, where responses are confined within the unit interval (0,1). Utilizing Barndorff‐Nielsen and Jørgensen's simplex distribution, we propose a new type of generalized linear mixed‐effects model for longitudinal proportional data, where the expected value of proportion is directly modelled through a logit function of fixed and random effects. We establish statistical inference along the lines of Breslow and Clayton's penalized quasi‐likelihood (PQL) and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) in the proposed model. We derive the PQL/REML using the high‐order multivariate Laplace approximation, which gives satisfactory estimation of the model parameters. The proposed model and inference are illustrated by simulation studies and a data example. The simulation studies conclude that the fourth order approximate PQL/REML performs satisfactorily. The data example shows that Aitchison's technique of the normal linear mixed model for logit‐transformed proportional outcomes is not robust against outliers.     

A note on a by-claim risk model: Asymptotic results

In this note, we restudy a by-claim risk model with general dependence structures between each main claim and its by-claim. Within the framework of regular variation, we derive some asymptotic expansions for the infinite-time and finite-time ruin probabilities.     

A generalized model of logistic regression for clustered data

This paper proposes a generalized logistic regression model that can account for the correlation among responses on subunits. The subunits may arise as data on multiple observations within an individual. This method generalizes earlier work by Rosner (1984 a,b) and others. Methodological generalizations include: (1) the use of the more general Polya-Eggenberger distribution instead of the beta-binomial distribution to model the correlation structure, so that cases with negative, positive, or zero intraclass correlation can be handled; (2) a stepwise approach; (3) linear and non-linear regression; and, (4) the inclusion of the case of a truncated distribution. The model can accommodate missing data and covariates on the unit and subunit level. The derivative-free simplex algorithm is used to estimate the parameters.

The model is applied to data describing the progression of obstruction in coronary disease where multiple arterial segments are studied for each patient. The correlation in response that may exist for these multiple segments is accounted for in the analyses while attempting to examine associations with individual-specific (e.g., history of diabetes) and segment-specific (e.g., initial percent stenosis) covariates. Analyses were performed on a data set describing 382 patients with unoperated coronary artery disease and two coronary angiograms separated by at least one month and on a data set describing 284 patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and studied by coronary angiograms.