Analysis of repeated categorical responses from fully and partially cross-classified data

Many follow-up studies involve categorical data measured on the same individual at different times. Frequently, some of the individuals are missing one or more of the measurements. This results in a contingency table with both fully and partially cross-classified data. Two models can be used to analyze data of this type: (i) The multiple-sample model, in which all the study subjects with the same configuration of missing observations are considered a separate sample. (ii) The single-sample model, which assumes that the missing observations are the result of a mechanism causing subjects to lose the informtion from one or some of the measurements. In this work we compare the two approaches and show that under certain conditions, the two models yield the same maximum likelihood estimates of the cell probabilities in the underlying contingency table.     

开发区重复性建设问题探讨

开发区在地区经济中的作用日益重要。本文以常州开发区为例 ,分析了我国开发区重复性建设的若干表现及其成因 ,提出必须体制创新 ,以市场化模式开发、管理开发区 ,取代目前的政府主导型开发、管理体制     

Cure Rate Model with Measurement Error

This simulation study focuses on the relative small sample properties of some widely applied predictors in regression with AR(1) errors where there errors are allowed to follow normal and non-normal distributions. The conclusions are: all predictors considered are significantly unbiased; the relative performances of predictors, from the efficiency point of view, seemed insensitive to the nature of the error distribution; and the standard errors of predictors computed from the asymptotic formulas are very useful for purposes of inference in small sample and under all assumed distributions.     

PARTIALLY EQUINEIGHBOURED DESIGNS

This paper presents further results on a class of designs called equineighboured designs, ED. These designs are intended for field and related experiments, especially whenever there is evidence that observations in the same block are correlated. An ED has the property that every unordered pair of treatments occurs as nearest neighbours equally frequently at each level. Ipinyomi (1986) has defined and shown that ED are balanced designs when neighbouring observations are correlated. He has also presented ED as a continuation of the development of optimal block designs. An ED would often require many times the number of experimental materials needed for the construction of an ordinary balanced incomplete block, BIB, design for the same number of treatments and block sizes. Thus for a relatively large number of treatments and block sizes the required minimum number of blocks may be excessively large for practical use of ED. In this paper we shall define and examine partially equineighboured designs with n concurrences, PED (n), as alternatives where ED are practically unachievable. Particular attention will be given to designs with smaller numbers of blocks and for which only as little balance as possible may be lost.     

Optimal parametric design with applications to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic trials

This paper considers optimal parametric designs, i.e. designs represented by probability measures determined by a set of parameters, for nonlinear models and illustrates their use in designs for pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) trials. For some practical problems, such as designs for modelling PK/PD relationship, this is often the only feasible type of design, as the design points follow a PK model and cannot be directly controlled. Even for ordinary design problems the parametric designs have some advantages over the traditional designs, which often have too few design points for model checking and may not be robust to model and parameter misspecifications. We first describe methods and algorithms to construct the parametric design for ordinary nonlinear design problems and show that the parametric designs are robust to parameter misspecification and have good power for model discrimination. Then we extend this design method to construct optimal repeated measurement designs for nonlinear mixed models. We also use this parametric design for modelling a PK/PD relationship and propose a simulation based algorithm. The application of parametric designs is illustrated with a three-parameter open one-compartment PK model for the ordinary design and repeated measurement design, and an Emax model for the phamacokinetic/pharmacodynamic trial design.     

An Implementation of Protocol Analysis and the Silent Dog Method in the Area of Behavioral Safety

Recent research has demonstrated that conducting safety observations increases the safety performance of the observer. The purpose of this study was to help determine whether observers make self-verbalizations regarding their own safety performance and whether these reports are functionally related to safety performance. In order to answer these questions two experiments were conducted using both protocol analysis and the silent dog method. The objective of Experiment 1 was (a) to determine whether safety performance with continuous, concurrent talk-aloud procedures is functionally equivalent to safety performance without talk-aloud reports, and (b) to determine whether that safety performance is altered when participants are presented with a distracter task. The goal of Experiment 2 was to determine whether the safety-related verbalizations made by Experiment 1 participants were task-relevant and functionally related to safety performance. The results from both Experiments 1 and 2 provide support for the existence of a functional relationship between safety-related verbalizations and increases in safety performance.     

重复叙事的意义--以民间童话为例

重复叙事是民间童话惯用的叙事方式.它的运用与儿童的认知心理和审美习惯有关.但更为重要的是,重复叙事突出了结构的功能,使文本本身成为超越现实的游戏空间,使时间变成永恒,使生命重享宁静的片刻.重复叙事是人们对存在象征性的超越.     

Organizational Learning under Organizational Impermanence: Collaborative Ties in Film Project Firms

In the last two decades a lot of research has been devoted to unveiling the processes through which organizations learn and store knowledge. This research is typically concerned with organizations lastingly engaged in the provision of goods or services. Permanency is usually presumed in order for the encoding of inferences from history to take place. But what if organizational permanency cannot be assumed ex-ante? Project firms represent an interesting case in point. A project firm is a transient form of organization that ceases to exist as soon as its single target is achieved, as such it does not exhibit stable structures nor does it exhibit ostensible history-based paths upon which to build its choices and nurture its organizational knowledge. This apparent paradox can be resolved, in part, by extending the view from the isolated project to the relational context in which project firms operate. Using longitudinal data from the U.S. feature film industry, we show that the process of organizational formation and dissolution that characterizes this context is underpinned by patterns of enduring collaborations among interdependent industry participants. We build on these findings to speculate on processes of learning and remembering that interpenetrate project firms’ boundaries, by being embedded within a texture of stable interpersonal ties.     

组织内冲突的重复对策模型

结合管理组织的特点将组织内的冲突归为3 种对策模型, 建立了基于渴望紧张评价的对 策仿真模型, 研究在满足个体理性的决策准则的情况下, 合作与非合作行为在重复对策中是如 何产生的, 个体理性与群体理性是如何相互作用的. 结果表明, 重复对策下, 合作行为可能发 生, 但依赖于对策结构的类型, 某些情况下还占主要地位. 进一步给出了模型的3 种改进方法. 与经典的对策分析略有不同, 在该模型中, 局中人决策的主要依据来自于历史信息和自身的愿 望, 使模型更加接近实际.     

Discretely Observed Diffusions: Approximation of the Continuous-time Score Function

We discuss parameter estimation for discretely observed, ergodic diffusion processes where the diffusion coefficient does not depend on the parameter. We propose using an approximation of the continuous-time score function as an estimating function. The estimating function can be expressed in simple terms through the drift and the diffusion coefficient and is thus easy to calculate. Simulation studies show that the method performs well.