社会资本对农户参与农田水利合作影响的实证研究

为解决农村水利设施供给困境,提高农户自主参与水利合作的积极性,从新的视角探究解决办法十分必要。从社会资本视角,采用因子分析法构建社会资本综合指数,引入Logistic模型全面分析社会资本对农户参与水利合作的影响。指出社会资本是一个多维度概念,可以划分为社会声望、社会规范、社会参与、网络规模、网络密度、社会信任六个维度,每个维度对农户参与水利合作有正向影响,但影响程度不同; 社会资本综合指数对农户参与农田水利合作有积极影响; 此外,农户合作意愿还受到文化程度、耕地面积、种植业收入比重的影响。研究旨在为发挥农户社会资本的积极作用,解决农村水利建设合作问题提供实证依据。     

论批判性聆听

批判性思维的基础技能包括批判性聆听、批判性言说、批判性阅读、批判性写作和批判性推理。聆听是最先发展起来的基础能力。不过,聆听因目的不同而有不同类别,批判性聆听是聆听的高水平阶段,其本质是抱着怀疑态度,分析、评价和判断信息。批判性聆听技能包含丰富的要素,这种技能不可能通过随机学习而获得,需要通过渗透在从小学开始的学科内容教学中的批判性思维教育和自觉的实践来养成。     

Ranking terrorists in networks: A sensitivity analysis of Al Qaeda's 9/11 attack

All over the world, intelligence services are collecting data concerning possible terrorist threats. This information is usually transformed into network structures in which the nodes represent the individuals in the data set and the links possible connections between these individuals. Unfortunately, it is nearly impossible to keep track of all individuals in the resulting complex network. Therefore, Lindelauf et al. (2013) introduced a methodology that ranks terrorists in a network. The rankings that result from this methodology can be used as a decision support system to efficiently allocate the scarce surveillance means of intelligence agencies. Moreover, usage of these rankings can improve the quality of surveillance which can in turn lead to prevention of attacks or destabilization of the networks under surveillance.The methodology introduced by Lindelauf et al. (2013) is based on a game theoretic centrality measure, which is innovative in the sense that it takes into account not only the structure of the network but also individual and coalitional characteristics of the members of the network. In this paper we elaborate on this methodology by introducing a new game theoretic centrality measure that better takes into account the operational strength of connected subnetworks.Moreover, we perform a sensitivity analysis on the rankings derived from this new centrality measure for the case of Al Qaeda's 9/11 attack. In this sensitivity analysis we consider firstly the possible additional information available about members of the network, secondly, variations in relational strength and, finally, the absence or presence of a small percentage of links in the network. We also introduce a case specific method to compare the different rankings that result from the sensitivity analysis and show that the new centrality measure is robust to small changes in the data.     

Relational sociology: a well-defined sociological paradigm or a challenging ‘relational turn’ in sociology?

In this paper I present and summarize the theoretical proposals of four leading scholars of the so-called ‘relational sociology’. First of all I try to contextualize its emergence and developments in the increasingly globalized scientific system. From this particular (and international) point of view, relational sociology seems to develop through a peculiar scientific path opened and charted by well-identified actors and competitors, their invisible colleges, their global connections, cleavages, and coalitions. Whatever the structuring of this field, it accomplishes the criticism of classical individualistic and collectivistic sociological theories, a task strongly facilitated by the development of new methods and techniques of empirical research, and by the increasingly powerful computing capabilities. After this brief historical reconstruction, and following very strictly the contributions of the four scholars, I try to synthetize their theoretical designs, focusing the analysis on two scientific issues of great significance for the future of relational sociology: the specific ontology of ‘social relations’ and the methodologies used to observe it adequately. Finally, I wonder if we are facing a new sociological paradigm, already well structured and internationally established, or rather a ‘relational turn’ that probably will develop into a new ‘sociological field’ internally very differentiated and articulated.     

基于需求分析的涉海类高校大学英语教学转型研究

大学英语课程正面临重大改革与转型。文章试从需求分析理论探讨在大学英语后续课程开设专门用途英语的必要性。通过结合实习环节,学习者的延时需求可转换为即时需求。这种新思路旨在从我国高等教育发展趋势的角度,重新建构大学英语课程体系,培养涉海型复合人才。     

基于社会网络理论的高校学习型团组织的网络特性分析

在对社会网络和高校学习型团组织发展背景进行分析的基础上,基于社会网络理论,以某高校团校的网络平台为例,分析了该平台中组织成员的地位、网络的聚集性、群体的分布及成员的学习态度等,发现社交网络中学习型团组织平台中成员的角色与地位与实际人际关系有着密切联系,网络聚集程度高,且存在大量群体,群体成员的学习态度也有较大的差别,对待不同任务的态度也有较大的差别。     

依存距离最小化是人类语言的普遍规律吗？

麻省理工学院（ MIT ）大脑与认知科学系的弗特勒尔等人对 37 种自然语言的进行了基于语料库的大数据分析,为人类语言中的依存距离最小化倾向提供了最新的实证依据,在科学研究领域引起广泛关注。 MIT 这项研究可能是迄今为止含有语言最多的依存距离研究,在普遍性的验证上较先前研究更为全面,在方法上也有自身的一些特点。但其结论与看法有多处值得商榷。早在八年前,浙江大学刘海涛团队对依存距离最小化倾向进行了较为深入的研究,推动了人们了解人类语言如何在普遍认知机制制约下形成与演化,也帮助人们更深入地认识人类的认知机制。这些研究充分体现了语言研究是一个具有交叉学科特点的研究领域,是多语言、大数据技术、语言的普遍规律、认知科学充分融合的学科。这四大因素结合起来的研究将会展现当代科学研究的光芒,并将对当代语言科学的发展起到重要的推动作用。     

《立法法》修改的宪法学分析

《立法法修正案(草案)》第5条缺乏宪法依据,该条规定将造成人民代表大会制度与依法治国(依宪治国)方略之间的冲突,且和《立法法修正案(草案)》第4条之间的逻辑关系混乱。《立法法修正案(草案)》第22条不是"根据宪法"制定出来的,其性质不能被视为对现行宪法第100条的修改或者拓展性解释。《立法法修正案(草案)》中没有涉及经济特区授权立法、民族自治地方立法方面的内容,也没有明确国务院发布的决定、命令相较于其他类型法律规范的位阶关系,应该将它们纳入其中。     

基于主成分分析法的中部六省经济发展状况比较研究

为促进我国各区域经济协调发展,国家出台了一系列推进中部地区发展的政策,这为中部地区崛起提供了良好机遇.现阶段是中部地区社会经济快速与可持续发展的关键时期,对该区域社会经济各方面发展情况的全面了解是发挥政策优势促进区域竞争力提升的重要基础.运用主成分分析法,选取能反映中部六省社会经济发展状况的综合指标,确定和解释影响中部地区社会经济发展的主成分因素,以对中部六省社会经济发展状况进行比较,指出政策推进在区域经济、社会发展中的差异并采取有效应对策略.