Half-sample variance estimation

This paper studies an alternative to the jackknife variance estimator, the half-sample variance estimator. Both theoretical and Monte Carlo comparisons between the half-sample variance estimator and the jackknife variance estimator indicate that the former is better in some situations.     

New Goodness-of-Fit Tests Based on Sample Quantiles

In this article power divergences statistics based on sample quantiles are transformed in order to introduce new goodness-of-fit tests. Quantiles of the distribution of proposed statistics are calculated under uniformity, normality, and exponentiality. Several power comparisons are performed to show that the new tests are generally more powerful than the original ones.     

媒体收视率调查公司样本户数据的商业秘密保护——对国内首例干扰样本户信息案件的分析

在对国内首起收视率数据侵权案件分析的基础上,对此类特殊经营信息的认定与保护提出法律建议;认为商业秘密的本质是信息,包含技术信息与经营信息;相对而言,技术信息比较"硬",更容易被理解和保护,而经营信息比较"软",往往难以界定,保护起来也更加困难;针对于从事媒体的收视率调查公司而言,其提供的调查数据就是其主营业务的产品,以数据所包含的信息为媒体提供服务,获得相应的报酬;该信息是生产要素、主导产品和企业财产,同时也属于商业秘密,应当受到保护。     

Extension of two-sided test to multiple treatment trials

In a two-treatment trial, a two-sided test is often used to reach a conclusion, Usually we are interested in doing a two-sided test because of no prior preference between the two treatments and we want a three-decision framework. When a standard control is just as good as the new experimental treatment (which has the same toxicity and cost), then we will accept both treatments. Only when the standard control is clearly worse or better than the new experimental treatment, then we choose only one treatment. In this paper, we extend the concept of a two-sided test to the multiple treatment trial where three or more treatments are involved. The procedure turns out to be a subset selection procedure; however, the theoretical framework and performance requirement are different from the existing subset selection procedures. Two procedures (exclusion or inclusion) are developed here for the case of normal data with equal known variance. If the sample size is large, they can be applied with unknown variance and with the binomial data or survival data with random censoring.     

Bayesian goodness-of-fit test for censored data

We propose a Bayesian computation and inference method for the Pearson-type chi-squared goodness-of-fit test with right-censored survival data. Our test statistic is derived from the classical Pearson chi-squared test using the differences between the observed and expected counts in the partitioned bins. In the Bayesian paradigm, we generate posterior samples of the model parameter using the Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure. By replacing the maximum likelihood estimator in the quadratic form with a random observation from the posterior distribution of the model parameter, we can easily construct a chi-squared test statistic. The degrees of freedom of the test equal the number of bins and thus is independent of the dimensionality of the underlying parameter vector. The test statistic recovers the conventional Pearson-type chi-squared structure. Moreover, the proposed algorithm circumvents the burden of evaluating the Fisher information matrix, its inverse and the rank of the variance–covariance matrix. We examine the proposed model diagnostic method using simulation studies and illustrate it with a real data set from a prostate cancer study.     

比喻造词与中国人的思维特点

世界上许多语言中都存在着比喻造词现象。比喻造词虽然不是汉语所特有的,但在汉语中却表现得特别突出。之所以如此,这与中国人喜欢形象具体的民族思维特点有着密切关系。本文将以语言学的研究方法,通过汉语相关词汇的抽样统计分析的形式,以系统的研究与实证分析的数据对此予以论证。同时也在此基础之上,进一步阐发中国人这种思维特点的文化渊源及其合理性所在。     

ON A MULTIPLE THREE-DECISION PROCEDURE FOR COMPARING SEVERAL TREATMENTS WITH A CONTROL

For the two-sided comparisons of several treatments with a control, a common statistical problem is to decide which treatments are better than the control and which are worse than the control. This paper studies a multiple three-decision procedure for this purpose, proposed by Bohrer (1979) and Bohrer et al. (1981), and provides tables of critical points to facilitate the application of the procedure. The paper defines a power function of the procedure, and tabulates sample sizes necessary to guarantee a given power level. It addresses the problem of optimal sampling allocation in order to maximize the power for a given total sample size, and considers generalization to the situation where the treatments might have unequal numbers of observations.     

等概率原则在多阶段随机抽样中的实践问题

等概率原则是多阶段随机抽样过程中必须体现的原则。通过对分立式多阶段随机抽样方式的分析 ,发现在其随机抽样过程中存在着违背等概率原则的问题。据此 ,提出综合式多阶段随机抽样的方式     

历史民族志点校疑义例举

整理、研究、点校、重版历史民族志 ,需要具备点校的基本知识 ,遵循点校的基本规律 ,懂得民族学、语言学等相关学科 ,了解各类文化事项的历史背景及相关民族的文化传统。贵州人民出版社重版的李宗《黔记》 ,由于点校者的粗心、轻率和武断 ,出现了诸多的不应有的失误。本文以李汉林《百苗图校释》一书为基础 ,通过对李宗《黔记》的“刻本”、“铅印本”和“点校本”三个版本的全面勘核 ,指出“点校本”的代表性失误 ,并分析其致误的原因 ,旨在唤起学术界对民族史志整理工作的特点和难点的关注。     

Pitfalls in Drawing Policy Conclusions from Retrospective Survey Data: The Case of Advertising and Underage Smoking

Measuring the impact of potentially controllable factors on the willingness of youth to undertake health risks is important to informed public health policy decisions. Typically the only data linking these factors with risk-taking behavior are retrospective. This study demonstrates, by means of a recent example, that there can be serious pitfalls in using even longitudinal retrospective data to draw conclusions about causal relations between potentially controllable factors and risk-taking behavior.