农村土地承包经营权流转的利益平衡机制研究——以农地承包经营权的转让、转包或农地的租赁为视角

在农村土地承包经营权的流转中,为了平衡农民的生存利益和农地规模经营的经济效益,必须根据社会经济的发展以及农民非农就业的预期稳定性,准确把握农村土地承包经营权流转、农地适度集中的规模和范围以及推行农村土地承包经营权流转、农地适度集中的时机。为此,可以通过发展经济,解决农民的非农就业问题,弱化农地的社会保障功能,为农村土地承包经营权的流转和农地的适度规模经营创造条件;为了平衡国家的粮食安全利益和流入方的经济利益,必须严格管制农村土地承包经营权流转中的耕地用途。在农村土地承包经营权的流转中,还应该平衡兼顾农村土地所有者和农村土地承包经营权流入方的利益。     

我国汽车产业的国有产权、市场结构与市场绩效研究

由于产业性质的不同,跨部门分析只能从总体而不能从个体揭示各个产业的绩效与产权和市场结构之间的准确关系,本文针对单个产业(汽车)的绩效与产权和市场结构之间的关系进行了实证分析,实证结果表明市场集中度对经济绩效表现出了正效应而国有产权和产业规模对经济绩效表现出了显著的负效应。     

家庭农场发展的多重动力机制分析

基于政府、市场和农民家庭的综合分析视角,考察了家庭农场兴起的过程,系统揭示了家庭农场发展的多重动力机制。研究发现：政府推动农业规模经营的政策实践及市场化条件下农业规模效益的增长,构成为家庭农场发展的两个重要外部动力。但家庭农场的兴起和发展更是农民家庭借助政府和市场等外部条件变化,不断调整和优化其家庭劳动力的配置方式,从而最大化家庭收入以不断满足日益增长的家庭消费需求的结果。农民家庭构成为家庭农场发展的内在动力。家庭农场是农民家庭同政府和市场“互构”的结果,这也充分显示出了农民家庭经济组织的发展活力和发展前景,形塑了我国小规模农业的独特发展道路。     

目标导向层次分析方法

对含有抽象属性的多属性层次结构而言,层次分析法即AHP（包括DIS-AHP、ABS-AHP、IDE-AHP和SUP-AHP四种具体方法）会因比率比较基准缺失、权重内涵模糊不清或方案评价不保序而缺乏科学理性。为发展AHP,基于摆幅置权（SW）判断模式和多属性决策属性价值公度方法,首先给出了能为层次结构抽象属性上的SW判断提供支持的规约性多属性决策属性价值公度方法,然后由此并结合多属性价值理论给出了能够克服现有层次分析法内在缺陷的目标导向层次分析方法即ToAHP。相对于AHP,ToAHP在判断模式与权重内涵、方法建构的理论基础和相关假设检验、方案评价保序与其内在数理依据上具有明显的相对科学合理性。应用分析表明：在输入信息可比的条件下,ToAHP明显优于AHP的四种分析方法之中最具可信性的SUP-AHP方法。     

劳动合同理论研究

本文分析劳动合同的可执行特征和在可执行要求下,劳动合同条款须具备可检验性,这要求明确期限和工资,同时劳动强度与劳动范围却是模糊的.进一步阐释劳动合同中劳动强度与劳动范围的模糊性的原因以及在劳动合同中劳动强度与劳动范围的模糊性情况下,相关制度安排怎样抑制雇佣双方机会主义行为,雇佣双方退出权的不对称是有效抑制雇佣双方机会主义行为的安排.     

Race and opportunity in a public alternative school

This qualitative case-study explores questions about the stratifying role of public alternative schools created for ‘at-risk’ youth by analyzing the school experience of students who attend a single continuation high school and the process of student enrollment and referral to that school. Drawing on the concept of whiteness as property, this article demonstrates how the continuation high school maintained and protected the property functions of whiteness through acts of symbolic violence and the systematic removal of non-white students from the school district’s mainstream high school. Instead, students were placed in a substandard alternative school lacking in material and intellectual resources. Furthermore, teachers, counselors, and administrative staff at the mainstream and continuation high schools alike drew upon the racial ideology of merit to rationalize the overrepresentation of non-white youths at the study school and to ‘deracialize’ the student referral process.     

家庭承包经营体制的创新与土地的适度规模经营

土地集约化、规模化经营是我国农业生产发展的必然趋势.随着生产力的提高和宏观环境的变化,土地家庭承包制的缺陷也开始显现.所以,在国家政策法律支持下进行家庭承包经营体制的创新发展,采取不同的模式加速土地的集中和规模化经营,是提高我国农业劳动生产力,增加农民收入的主要方向.     

The sensitivity of income polarization

This study looks at polarization and its components’ sensitivity to assumptions about equivalence scales, income definition, ethical income distribution parameters, and the income accounting period. A representative sample of Danish individual incomes from 1984 to 2002 is utilised. Results show that polarization has increased over time, regardless of the applied measure, when the last part of the period is compared to the first part of the period; primary causes being increased inequality (alienation) and faster income growth among high incomes relative to those in the middle of the distribution. Increasing the accounting period confirms the reduction in inequality found for shorter periods, but polarization is virtually unchanged, because income group identification increases. Applying different equivalence scales does not change polarization ranking for different years, but identification ranks are affected. The welfare state considerably reduces income polarization and inequality, but at the expense of some more identification.      

Retrospective change detection in categorical time series

The aim of this paper is to propose methods of detecting change in the coefficients of a multinomial logistic regression model for categorical time series offline. The alternatives to the null hypothesis of stationarity can be either the hypothesis that it is not true, or that there is a temporary change in the sequence. We use the efficient score vector of the partial likelihood function. This has several advantages. First, the alternative value of the parameter does not have to be estimated; hence, we have a procedure that has a simple structure with only one parameter estimation using all available observations. This is in contrast with the generalized likelihood ratio-based change point tests. The efficient score vector is used in various ways. As a vector, its components correspond to the different components of the multinomial logistic regression model’s parameter vector. Using its quadratic form a test can be defined, where the presence of a change in any or all parameters is tested for. If there are too many parameters one can test for any subset while treating the rest as nuisance parameters. Our motivating example is a DNA sequence of four categories, and our test result shows that in the published data the distribution of the four categories is not stationary.