渝鄂湘黔交界民族地区经济联动机制探讨

为促进国家级连片贫困地区经济协调健康发展,武陵山经济协作区产生,但受体制机制约束,渝鄂湘黔交界民族地区经济联动存在一些深层次问题。只有从特殊区情出发,构建渝鄂湘黔交界民族地区经济联动机制,才能促进该地区经济协调健康发展。     

旅行社产品市场逆向选择研究

旅行社产品的无形性、生产和消费的同时性等特征使旅游者和旅行社之间存在着信息不对称现象,造成旅行社产品市场逆向选择。解决旅行社产品市场逆向选择的关键在于使消费者获得真实、全面的产品信息。通过旅行社向消费者传递产品信息,将赔偿金写入合同来发送信号以及加强政府及第三方管制等途径,可以改善旅行社产品市场逆向选择现象,使消费者和旅行社的利益都得到保障。     

康菲中国溢油事件法律适用溯及既往的法理分析

针对康菲中国溢油损害赔偿诉讼中法律适用溯及既往的合法性和法律程序进行法理分析,提出并论证对于海洋生态损害赔偿可以在我国《海洋生态损害国家索赔条例》正式实施后溯及既往地适用的合法性。提出对于赔偿范围的确定,可以在即将发布的《海洋生态损害国家索赔条例》中明确规定《海洋溢油生态损害评估技术导则》的法律适用。论证国家海洋局溯及既往地撤销已经发放的渤海石油开发许可的合法性。通过归纳各国法院承认纯经济损失赔偿案例的各种情形,演绎出对传统海事法进行突破从而解开油污损害纯经济损失戈耳迪难结的限定条件,对将康菲中国溢油事件所造成的纯经济损失纳入损害赔偿范围的合法性进行法理分析。     

现行房产税制度及其改革的几点建议

房产税是以房屋的计税余值或租金为计税依据的一种财产税.房产税改革应当以调节贫富差距、调控房地产市场为主要目的.《房产税暂行条例》和沪、渝两地的暂行办法构成了现行房产税制度的主体.暂行条例对企业房产的征税依据、征税标准,对个人房产区别用途征税的规定存在问题.两个试点地区对个人房产税征税对象、计税依据、税率安排、税收性质等方面的规定存在问题.虽然2013年“国五条”细则的出台,为房产税制度的发展及改革提供了一个方向,但是,其还是难以实现立法的最终目的,有待进一步完善.效力层级上,房产税要以正式法律的形式出台;内容上,要在企业自用房产、企业出租房产,个人自用房产、个人出租房产之间设定合理的征收标准和免税标准.     

科技行为选择的前瞻性责任伦理

在目前的科技中性论、科技分别论、科技选择论等争论中,"科技选择论"认为科学家对科技行为的选择总是要承担一定的道德责任的,因而该说较为客观.基于此说,我们有必要对科学家提出一种新的责任意识,即以未来行为为导向的前瞻性责任伦理.明确前瞻性责任意识,科学家要有行为选择的自律精神,社会对科学家也要实行道德法制的他律约束,这在新科技环境下具有重要的操作性意义.     

Trust and partner selection in social networks: An experimentally grounded model

This article investigates the importance of the endogenous selection of partners for trust and cooperation in market exchange situations, where there is information asymmetry between investors and trustees. We created an experimental-data driven agent-based model where the endogenous link between interaction outcome and social structure formation was examined starting from heterogeneous agent behaviour. By testing various social structure configurations, we showed that dynamic networks lead to more cooperation when agents can create more links and reduce exploitation opportunities by free riders. Furthermore, we found that the endogenous network formation was more important for cooperation than the type of network. Our results cast serious doubt about the static view of network structures on cooperation and can provide new insights into market efficiency.     

On Testing Sample Selection Bias Under the Multicollinearity Problem

This paper reviews and extends the literature on the finite sample behavior of tests for sample selection bias. Monte Carlo results show that, when the “multicollinearity problem” identified by Nawata (1993) is severe, (i) the t-test based on the Heckman-Greene variance estimator can be unreliable, (ii) the Likelihood Ratio test remains powerful, and (iii) nonnormality can be interpreted as severe sample selection bias by Maximum Likelihood methods, leading to negative Wald statistics. We also confirm previous findings (Leung and Yu, 1996) that the standard regression-based t-test (Heckman, 1979) and the asymptotically efficient Lagrange Multiplier test (Melino, 1982), are robust to nonnormality but have very little power.     

Summer temperature effects on deaths and hospital admissions among the elderly population in two Italian cities

In developed countries the effects of climate on health status are mainly due to temperature. Our analysis is aimed to deepen statistically the relationship between summer climate conditions and daily frequency of health episodes: deaths or hospital admissions. We expect to find a U-shaped relationship between temperature and frequencies of events occurring in summer regarding the elderly population resident in Milano and Brescia. We use as covariates hourly records of temperature recorded at observation sites located in Milano and Brescia. The analysis is performed using Generalized Additive Models (GAM), where the response variable is the daily number of events, which varies as a possibly non-linear function of meteorological variables measured on the same or previous day. We consider separate models for Milano and Brescia and then we compare temperature effects among the two towns and among different age classes. Moreover we consider separate models for all diagnosed events, for those due to respiratory disease and those due to circulatory pathologies. Model selection is a central problem, the basic methods used are the UBRE and GCV criteria but, instead of conditioning all final conclusions on the best model according to the chosen criterion, we investigated the effect of model selection by implementing a bootstrap procedure.     

Decision‐making in a phase II clinical trial: a new approach combining Bayesian and frequentist concepts

The aim of a phase II clinical trial is to decide whether or not to develop an experimental therapy further through phase III clinical evaluation. In this paper, we present a Bayesian approach to the phase II trial, although we assume that subsequent phase III clinical trials will have standard frequentist analyses. The decision whether to conduct the phase III trial is based on the posterior predictive probability of a significant result being obtained. This fusion of Bayesian and frequentist techniques accepts the current paradigm for expressing objective evidence of therapeutic value, while optimizing the form of the phase II investigation that leads to it. By using prior information, we can assess whether a phase II study is needed at all, and how much or what sort of evidence is required. The proposed approach is illustrated by the design of a phase II clinical trial of a multi‐drug resistance modulator used in combination with standard chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

论帝王教育的特殊性与一般规律

帝王教育不同于一般的学校教育和社会教育，是一个严肃而又沉重的话题，揭示其特殊性与一般规律，有助于更好地理解帝王现象和一系列相关的社会问题