政策变量与中国社会分层结构的调整

当代中国的改革是不断用政策来修正制度或体制。改革就是对政策、法规和体制的调整,这种调整最终体现为人们利益关系的变化,用分层理论表述则最终体现为调整社会分层结构。当代中国的政策调整自改革开放以来分为两个重要时期,一个是1992年邓小平南巡讲话以后;一个是2002年中共十六大以后。当前政策调整的趋势,明显地增加了公平方面的政策变量,试图使社会资源的配置向普惠的方向调整。但从2007年算起,尚需要三十三年才能将中国调整成一个中等收入层为主体的社会分层结构。所以,对社会结构的调整,需要做长时期的努力。     

C93. The relevance of imaginary alternatives

Some practical approaches to the problem of choosing parameters which control the smoothness of kernel-based density estimators are investigated. Fixed and variable kernels are considered, and particularly simple approaches are investigated in the latter case. The performances of a wide range of estimators are compared in a simulation study.     

A bias analysis of Weibull models under heaped data

Retrospectively collected duration data are often reported incorrectly. An important type of such an error is heaping—respondents tend to round-off or round-up the data according to some rule of thumb. For two special cases of the Weibull model we study the behaviour of the ‘naive estimators’, which simply ignore the measurement error due to heaping, and derive closed expressions for the asymptotic bias. These results give a formal justification of empirical evidence and simulation-based findings reported in the literature. Additionally, situations where a remarkable bias has to be expected can be identified, and an exact bias correction can be performed.     

Optimal use of two auxiliary variables in double sampling

Double sampling scheme is used when cheap auxiliary variables may be measured to improve the estimation of a finite population parameter. Several estimators for population mean, ratio of means and variance are available, when two dependent samples are drawn. However, there are few proposals for the case of independent samples. In this paper both cases of dependent and independent samples are dealt with. A general approach for estimating a finite population parameter is given, showing that all the proposed estimators are particular cases of the same general class. The minimum variance bound for any estimator in this class is provided (at the first order of approximation). Furthermore, an optimal estimator which reaches this minimum is found.     

基于随机化回答模型的最低工资敏感性问题研究

针对最低工资调查中出现的敏感性问题,引入随机化回答技术,并针对定性和定量两类敏感性问题,分别引入不同的随机化回答模型。同时还考虑到最低工资调查中,不同调查单位对同一问题敏感程度不相同的特性,在定量问题的随机化回答模型中引入敏感性水平,对原有模型进行有效的改进,使被调查者能够更加积极配合最低工资调查,从而能够进一步减少由于各类敏感性问题造成的非抽样误差。这套随机化处理方法还可推广应用到其他类型的敏感性问题中。     

基于变权综合的多指标席位分配模型

从指标的综合加权入手,对经典席位分配模型进行了推广,建立了多指标席位分配模型,以拓宽这种模型的应用范围.采用指标标准化,变权综合的方法对各种指标进行加权,克服了传统加权方法的不公平问题。最后以学校科研项目的分配说明多指标席位分配方法的更加合理,更加公平和广泛。     

欧元：世界经济的新变量

欧元是世界经济的一种新的影响因素,它将对中国经济和世界经济产生深远的影响。我国不仅要利用欧元运行之机与欧盟各国谈判,促使其降低对我国企业出口配额限制和反倾销税,改变其对我国的贸易歧视政策,而且我国的出口企业应建立欧元统一大市场观念,尽量利用各种金融工具进行保值、规避风险,尤其是实力强大的出口企业应考虑直接去单一化区内投资,以投资带动贸易,分享欧盟货币统一化的好处,绕过欧盟对我国的贸易壁垒,扩大我国在欧元区的市场份额。     

逻辑函数绝对最小覆盖的改进算法

逻辑函数的绝对最小化算法存在的主要问题是运行时间过长和需要的存储空间过大,本文提出了一个从给定本源蕴源项集合中抽出一个绝对最小覆盖的算法,而时间空间的需求被大大地缩小了。     

一种瞬变步长LMS自适应滤波算法

基于规一化起动、平滑递推和ＰＬＳ算法导出了一种新的变步长ＬＭＳ算法。文中分析了起动后的平稳连接和提高起始收敛速度的条件，证明了步长因子μ（ｋ）的瞬变特性及其对减小失调噪声的作用。计算机仿真效果较好，支持了理论分析。     

Slack-variable models versus Scheffé's mixture models

Slack-variable models are compared against Scheffé's polynomial model for mixture experiments. The notion of model equivalence and the use of various diagnostic measures provide effective tools in making such comparisons, particularly when the experimental region is highly constrained. It is demonstrated that the choice of the best fitting model, through variable selection, depends on which mixture component is selected as a slack variable, and on the size of the fitted model. In addition, the equivalence of two well-known representations of a complete mixture model is shown to be valid. Two numerical examples are presented.