政府控制与企业高管人员薪酬绩效敏感度

根据我国新的国有资产管理体制特征,着眼于我国政府对国有企业实行分级管理的背景,将国有上市公司分为中央政府控股的上市公司和地方政府控股的上市公司2类。由于政府对这2类公司监管程度的差异、企业面对的市场风险的不同,以及这2类公司高管人员对薪酬的关注程度存在差异,说明薪酬在这2类国有上市公司中的重要性并不一致。研究结果表明,国有上市公司高管人员薪酬的业绩敏感性与政府控制人的行政级别相关,中央政府控制企业的高管人员的薪酬业绩敏感性更低。     

媒体治理与企业社会责任

以沪市上市公司为样本,基于利益相关者理论,在综合采用熵权法度量企业社会责任的指标权重与指数法测算企业社会责任的基础上,研究了媒体监督对企业社会责任的影响,并考察了政府干预与行业特征在影响媒体治理效应方面的作用.研究发现:①媒体监督对上市公司的社会责任有显著的正向影响,并且相较于一般性的报道,媒体的负面报道在其中起到的作用更为显著;②考虑到广告、声誉等经济动机,媒体监督对企业社会责任的影响在竞争性行业、环境高敏感性行业以及消费者高敏感性行业中表现得更加显著;③在地方政府干预程度较高的地区,媒体在督促企业履行社会责任方面的监督作用会弱于市场化程度高的地区.     

外商直接投资区位选择与风险分析

本文提出一种新的基于组合熵权TOPSIS方法的多目标决策模型,综合考虑市场、成本、聚集和制度等相关因素,对山东省17个地区的经济发展水平及其与外商直接投资区位选择关系进行分析。在模型中,我们首先应用熵权法得到各评价准则和因素的相对权重,然后应用TOPSIS方法对山东省17个地区进行排序。本文还结合实例说明如何将所提出的方法应用到外商直接投资在中国的区位选择问题。此外,我们还进行了敏感性分析,以判断各评价准则受权重的影响程度。研究结果和实例分析表明基于组合熵权TOPSIS方法在外商直接投资区位选择分析中是有效和可行的。     

利用再生原理提高变频器增益与选择性

在变频电路中引入再生后,灵敏度大大提高。可以增加约15~20dB;并且提高了邻近频道选择性,有效地抑制了超外差式接收机特有的中频干扰和像频干扰。采用再生式变频电路的无线电接收机,具有简单、高效、经济、噪声小等优点。     

A股上市公司经理人现金薪酬与业绩真的挂钩吗？——基于CEO个体时间序列数据的研究

关于A股上市公司经理人现金薪酬与公司对外报告的会计业绩是否挂钩,已有的主流文献给出了“是”的答案。基于2000—2019年A股上市公司CEO个体时间序列数据逐个进行回归,研究发现A股上市公司CEO现金薪酬总体上并没有与其所在公司业绩挂钩,即不存在显著正向的薪酬—业绩敏感度,这与主流文献基于传统面板数据下所得到的显著为正、幅值较小的研究结论截然不同。经测算,3317位A股公司CEO中只有33位具有显著为正的薪酬—业绩敏感度,但由于这些CEO整体现金薪酬水平偏低,实际上,随着公司业绩的变动,他们的现金薪酬变动并不大,不具有明显的经济意义。因此,A股上市公司的股东和监管机构需要反思和重构包括现金薪酬与股权激励在内的经理人薪酬激励机制,学术界也应重新评估已有相关文献的结论。     

激励目标异质性与高管薪酬契约——来自国有企业分类的经验证据

国有企业在整个国民经济中处于十分重要的地位,其高管薪酬契约也广受关注。以2007—2019年我国国有上市公司为研究样本,将国有企业分为公益类和商业类,研究了不同类别国有企业薪酬业绩敏感性的差异及实现路径。研究发现:(1)公益类国有企业比商业类国有企业薪酬业绩敏感性更低；(2)公益类国有企业因为承担超额雇员、过度投资而降低了薪酬业绩敏感性。进一步研究发现,在市场化程度较低的地区,公益类国有企业比商业类国有企业承担更多的冗员和过度投资,从而降低了薪酬业绩敏感性；企业规模越大,公益类国有企业和商业类国有企业冗员负担、过度投资和薪酬业绩敏感性差异越显著。因此,考核国有企业高管时可以将政策性指标纳入考核范围,且合理设置财务业绩指标和政策指标的结构和比例,从而使薪酬契约发挥最优的激励效果。     

媒体报道与运气薪酬：基于传统媒体与社交媒体的比较研究

移动互联网时代的社交媒体推陈出新，企业面临的媒体生态随之嬗变，媒体治理研究亟待审视。基于此，以运气薪酬为切入点，利用2013—2019年A股上市公司数据，实证检验了传统媒体与社交媒体治理效应的差异。研究发现，传统媒体会正向影响高管运气薪酬，社交媒体则会负向影响高管运气薪酬。异质性分析表明，在信息质量越低、市场垄断越严重以及投资者关注越少的公司，社交媒体的治理效应越强；当公司被媒体深入报道、被原创类媒体报道以及被高影响力媒体报道时，社交媒体的治理效应更强。进一步研究发现，社交媒体抑制高管运气薪酬更多是高管机会主义的结果，社交媒体更强的信息挖掘能力使其能够抑制高管薪酬中的运气薪酬并提高高管的能力薪酬。因此，为发挥媒体在资本市场中的治理作用，政府应通过政策引导更好地发挥媒体对高管激励的作用；企业应重视媒体的影响，完善公司治理并塑造良好形象。     

On two conjectures about perturbations of the stochastic growth rate

The stochastic growth rate describes long-run growth of a population that lives in a fluctuating environment. Perturbation analysis of the stochastic growth rate provides crucial information for population managers, ecologists and evolutionary biologists. This analysis quantifies the response of the stochastic growth rate to changes in demographic parameters. A form of this analysis deals with changes that only occur in some environmental states. Caswell put forth two conjectures about environment-specific perturbations of the stochastic growth rate. The conjectures link the stationary distribution of the stochastic environmental process with the magnitude of some environment-specific perturbations. This note disproves one conjecture and proves the other.     

Using video observation in the family context: The association between camera-related behaviors and parental sensitivity

Research on parental sensitivity often relies on video observation of parent–infant dyads. However, to date, no study has assessed both infants’ and parents’ interactions with the camera, and how this relates to parental sensitivity levels. This exploratory study micro-coded camera-related behaviors (CRB) by 4-month olds and their mothers and fathers on a 1-s time base, and examined the associations between those behaviors and parental sensitivity in 75 Dutch families. While parents’ CRB made up only 0.8% of total interaction time, infants’ made up 12%. Multi-level time-series analyses showed that infants’ CRB predicted mothers’. Infants’ CRB predicted fathers’ CRB, and vice versa. Maternal sensitivity was significantly lower when children looked at the camera for over one-third of total interaction time (Cohen's d = 1.26). These findings indicate further research is required to better understand how video observation might threaten ecological validity.     

A global review of the inferred meaning of woman centred care within midwifery professional standards

BackgroundAs an integral and guiding approach, woman centred care is well-grounded as the cornerstone of midwifery training and practice. A previous global review established that the concept, even though acknowledged as pivotal, has limited attention within the professional standards documents that underpin the discipline [1]. Whilst not detracting from the overall importance of woman centred care, it is further suggested that a broader meaning is generally being implied.ObjectiveWhether other related inferences and meanings of the actual term ‘woman centred care’ are also being utilised, has not yet been established. Therefore, this review of professional documents sought to investigate the occurrence of further depictions of the concept.MethodsWith an implied and inferred meaning of ‘woman centred care’ as the focus, a review and synthesis of narrative from a global sample of midwifery professional standards was conducted. The principles of meta-ethnography were utilised to develop a qualitative approach. Rather than the actual words ‘woman centred care’ further phrases implying or inferring the concept were sought. ‘A priori’ phrases were developed and narrative and examples were synthesised for each.FindingsStandards and governance documents were located from within Australia, the United Kingdom and New Zealand and a further 139 nations. Overall, the seven phrases, each considered as an inference to woman centred care, were all substantiated. As a proportion of all documents, these were collated with the outcomes being a woman’s right to choice (89%), being culturally sensitive (80.5%), a woman’s voice and right to be heard (78%), the woman as an individual (68%), universal human rights (40%), being holistic (39%) and being self-determined (17.5%).ConclusionThe outcomes of this review demonstrate that woman centred care may be a multidimensional concept. There were occurrences of all seven phrases across a broad scope of global professional midwifery documents, and each can be shown through its meaning to contribute something to an understanding of woman centred care. The creation of a universal meaning is recommended.