试论"认知方式"与"外语习得"

认知方式是一个心理学的述语,用来描述一个人观察、感知、组织、分析、回忆其经验或信息时所表现出来的特殊方式.认知方式可分为场独立和场依存两种.场独立使人具有重建结构的能力,场依存使人具有社交能力,二者以不同的方式促进外语习得.外语习得不仅涉及到语言分析能力和重建结构能力,而且涉及在实际交往中的语言交际能力,因此学好一种外语必须两种能力都具备.     

媒体监督与司法独立--浅析当前我国法制新闻报道中的问题

媒体对司法机关及其活动的监督存在"双刃剑"的作用,即它既可以有利于促进司法公正,也可能会妨碍司法独立.本文透过大众传媒在报道法制新闻,发挥舆论监督作用时与司法活动冲突的现象,从理论、实践和意识形态的角度分析了两者之间冲突的原因,并从制度约束层面探索使二者达到平衡的途径.     

律师独立的实现保障

律师独立实现的保障主要体现为职业特权的国家赋予、行业自治以及法律职业共同体的认同等三个方面。职业特权的国家赋予集中表现为社会法律服务资源垄断和律师执业豁免;而行业规范自主制定、职业资格自主授予与行业惩戒自主实施构成了行业自治的主要内容;当然律师的独立性实现也离不开包括法官、检察官在内的法律职业共同体的认同。     

试论1948年中印设领交涉

1948年5月,印度向中国国民政府提出在疏附建立领馆的要求,虽然国民政府认识到印度的设馆目的并不单纯,但仍然决定同意对方在疏附建馆。作为一种对等行动,国民政府亦提出在印度的葛伦堡设立中国领事馆,并经中国驻印大使罗家伦向印度提出。虽经罗家伦与印度外交部长梅农多次交涉,印度方面始终未予以明确支持,而是借故推脱、阻延。罗家伦坚持印度须同意中国在葛伦堡设领的原则后,中国方能同意印度在疏附设领,但国民政府外交部最终向印方作出妥协。中印设领交涉凸显出印度独立后国家主权意识空前膨胀,刻意继承英帝国侵略所得的边界及利益。     

论亦舒小说中的女性意识

亦舒小说把女性意识探索的目光投向了更广阔的外部世界,升华到了更高的层次。其女性意识主要表现为平等的两性关系、反父权的思想、姐妹情谊的书写等方面。究其原因,是基于亦舒的个人经历、香港的社会环境和文化氛围等因素。这种女性意识使其小说在当代女性文学中产生较大影响,同时在促进女性的全面发展方面作出了不可忽视的贡献。     

一个概念的反思性教学

反思是数学思维的核心和动力。在数学概念的教学中,通过反思能深化学生对概念的理解,揭示概念的本质属性。并进一步优化思维过程,探索和发现规律,以达到沟通新旧知识,建构知识体系的目的。     

完善特区财政体制的基本构想

本文从改革与完善现行特区财政管理体制的必要性出发,在理论上论述了特区财政体制的特点,分析了现行体制中存在的主要问题,对进一步改革和完善特区财政体制提出了一些基本设想。     

Taux de résistance des tests de rang d'indépendance

The resistance of tests to acceptance and rejection of null hypotheses was denned and studied by Ylvisaker in the context of one-sample problems. This notion provides a measure of a test's resistance to outliers. In this paper, we propose an extension of this notion to rank-based tests of independence for bivariate random variables. We show, among other things, that Kendall's test of independence is more resistant than Spearman's test.     

Standard errors for the parameters of graphical Gaussian models

The comparison of an estimated parameter to its standard error, the Wald test, is a well known procedure of classical statistics. Here we discuss its application to graphical Gaussian model selection. First we derive the Fisher information matrix and its inverse about the parameters of any graphical Gaussian model. Both the covariance matrix and its inverse are considered and a comparative analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of their maximum likelihood estimators (m.l.e.s) is carried out. Then we give an example of model selection based on the standard errors. The method is shown to produce almost identical inference to likelihood ratio methods in the example considered.     

A NOTE ON MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC MODELS FOR CONTINGENCY TABLES

The log-linear model is a tool widely accepted for modelling discrete data given in a contingency table. Although its parameters reflect the interaction structure in the joint distribution of all variables, it does not give information about structures appearing in the margins of the table. This is in contrast to multivariate logistic parameters, recently introduced by Glonek & McCullagh (1995), which have as parameters the highest order log odds ratios derived from the joint table and from each marginal table. Glonek & McCullagh give the link between the cell probabilities and the multivariate logistic parameters, in an algebraic fashion. The present paper focuses on this link, showing that it is derived by general parameter transformations in exponential families. In particular, the connection between the natural, the expectation and the mixed parameterization in exponential families (Barndorff-Nielsen, 1978) is used; this also yields the derivatives of the likelihood equation and shows properties of the Fisher matrix. The paper emphasises the analysis of independence hypotheses in margins of a contingency table.