On testing more IFRA ordering

In this paper, first we consider the problem of testing that two unknown distributions are identical against the alternative that one is more IFRA than the other and propose a new test that is asymptotically normal and consistent. Next, we prove that beta family of distributions is ordered according to more IFRA ordering. The empirical power of the proposed test is simulated for some specific families of distributions like beta, gamma and Weibull that are ordered with respect to more IFRA order. Finally, we apply our test to some real data sets in the context of reliability.     

西柏坡高速2×67 m同步转体曲线T构称重试验研究

石家庄西柏坡高速公路田家庄互通立交跨越京广铁路货迁线，为一联2×67 m双幅曲线预应力混凝土T型刚构结构，采用同步转体施工方案，为保证转体工序的顺利进行，转体前应采取措施使T 构在两个方向达到平衡。为此，确定其是否平衡的称重试验和试转工作是必不缺少的。介绍了该桥称重试验的原理主要内容及步骤，介绍了称重试验中数据处理的方法，并对试验结果进行了分析，提出T构平衡配重的方案，工程结果显示效果良好。     

Globally applicable control chart for online monitoring of stability of process mean

The shape features of run chart patterns of the most recent m observations arising from stable and unstable processes are different. Using this fact, a new monitoring statistic is defined whose value for given m depends on the pattern parameters but not on the process parameters. A control chart for this statistic for given m, therefore, will be globally applicable to normal processes. The simulation study reveals that the proposed statistic approximately follows normal distribution. The performances of the globally applicable control chart in terms of average run lengths (ARLs) are evaluated and compared with the X chart. Both in-control ARL and out-of-control ARLs with respect to different abnormal process conditions are found to be larger than the X chart. However, the proposed concept is promising because it can eliminate the burden of designing separate control charts for different quality characteristics or processes in a manufacturing set-up.     

西方绘画传统中形状意识的传承与演变

形状意识是人们对于客观世界以及客观物象所具有的外形意识,是传统绘画中最基本的造型意识之一,画家通过它来表现二维或三维的客观世界和主体内在的精神世界。在西方绘画传统中,这种意识的延续可分为生成、发展和演变三个阶段。而西方绘画所取得的伟大成就,与形状意识的传承与演变是分不开的。     

On ε-contaminated priors with quantile and piece-wise unimodality constraints

In this work we examine the e-contamination model of prior densities γ={π:π=(1-ε)π₀(θ)+εq: qεG}, where π₀(θ) is the base elicited prior, q is a contamination belonging to some suitable class G and ε reflects the amount of error in π₀(θ). Various classes with shape and/or quantile constraints are analysed, and a posterior robust analysis is carried out. It turns out that quantile restrictions alone do not produce asymptotical rational behaviour, so it is unavoidable to introduce shape constraints as well. The conclusions are in line with those of O'Hagan and Berger (1988). Illustrations related to testing hypothesis and likelihood sets are given.     

Two‐Sample Bootstrap Hypothesis Tests for Three‐Dimensional Labelled Landmark Data

Abstract. We investigate resampling methodologies for testing the null hypothesis that two samples of labelled landmark data in three dimensions come from populations with a common mean reflection shape or mean reflection size‐and‐shape. The investigation includes comparisons between (i) two different test statistics that are functions of the projection onto tangent space of the data, namely the James statistic and an empirical likelihood statistic; (ii) bootstrap and permutation procedures; and (iii) three methods for resampling under the null hypothesis, namely translating in tangent space, resampling using weights determined by empirical likelihood and using a novel method to transform the original sample entirely within refection shape space. We present results of extensive numerical simulations, on which basis we recommend a bootstrap test procedure that we expect will work well in practise. We demonstrate the procedure using a data set of human faces, to test whether humans in different age groups have a common mean face shape.     

三维网站动态形状及其视觉体验——基于Superformula公式的研究

相对于传统二维形式的网站,三维网站提供了更高仿真度的立体影像和更高自由度的交互方式,为用户提供了全新的视觉和交互体验。但同时也要求三维网站中的三维形状要具有比较高的拟真度、传输速度和生成速度。采用基于Superformula公式的建模方法,具有单一公式生成非对称三维动态形状的能力,可以满足受众对于在互联网上浏览三维网站的速度及图像质量的要求,非常适合生成三维网站中的三维形状。基于Superformula公式生成的三维动态形状,将给受众带来前所未有的积极视觉体验。     

Multi - sample test of equal gamma distribution scale parameters in presence of unknown common shape parameter

Shiue and Bain proposed an approximate F statistic for testing equality of two gamma distribution scale parameters in presence of a common and unknown shape parameter. By generalizing Shiue and Bain's statistic we develop a new statistic for testing equality of L >= 2 gamma distribution scale parameters. We derive the distribution of the new statistic ESP for L = 2 and equal sample size situation. For other situations distribution of ESP is not known and test based on the ESP statistic has to be performed by using simulated critical values. We also derive a C(α) statistic CML and develop a likelihood ratio statistic, LR, two modified likelihood ratio statistics M and MLB and a quadratic statistic Q. The distribution of each of the statistics CML, LR, M, MLB and Q is asymptotically chi-square with L - 1 degrees of freedom. We then conducted a monte-carlo simulation study to compare the perfor- mance of the statistics ESP, LR, M, MLB, CML and Q in terms of size and power. The statistics LR, M, MLB and Q are in general liberal and do not show power advantage over other statistics. The statistic CML, based on its asymptotic chi-square distribution, in general, holds nominal level well. It is most powerful or nearly most powerful in most situations and is simple to use. Hence, we recommend the statistic CML for use in general. For better power the statistic ESP, based on its empirical distribution, is recommended for the special situation for which there is evidence in the data that λ₁ < … < λ_L and n₁ < … < n_L, where λ₁ …, λ_L are the scale parameters and n₁,…, n_L are the sample sizes.     

宋词中“影”的运用及其意象特征的审美观照

以“影”入词是宋人抒情达意的常见方式，它以丰富的细腻的情感内涵开拓了词的美学境界，并成为观照宋代审美情趣和文化人格的一个独特视角。     

拟脐超曲面中的稳定积分流

设Ｎｎ是常曲率空间Ｍｎ＋１（ｃ）中的紧致拟脐超曲面．证明了在一些几何条件下，Ｎｎ中不存在ｐ－维稳定积分流，相应地，Ｎｎ的ｐ－维同调群消没．