一类四阶非线性常微分方程的两点边值问题解的存在性与唯一性

本文利用Hammerstein型积分算子和上下解方法,研究了一类四阶非线性常微分方程的两点边值问题     

基于符号理论的建国后汉字简化研究

建国后两次汉字简化改革使以象物象形为源头的汉字抽象程度再度提升,符号化性质更加突出。汉字符号不仅在创建初期显现任意性与约定性之间的特定关系,而任意性与约定性制约简化规则、简化符形,凸现人类认识世界、改造世界的思维方式。在寻求符号与客观世界的相似性上,汉字简化对已经完善的相似性做出割裂式改革,突破原有相似性陈规,寻求新旧符号的相似性,在旧有认知体系的基础上建立新的认知体系和方式。     

突发事件应急管理中的情景适应度研究

在突发事件的处置过程中,每个阶段对情景的确定决定了突发事件应急管理的工作方式和决策制定的指向性,从而影响整体应急管理工作的总体决策判断。本文主要针对突发事件应急情景选取问题,由粗到细的采用具有语义接近范围的情景适应度方式和情景属性云匹配方式进行情景确定问题的收敛,从而能够相对精确的确定应急处置过程中的情景,为系统决策提供支持。     

Three‐Stage Decision‐Making Model under Restricted Conditions for Emergency Response to Ships Not under Control

A ship that is not under control (NUC) is a typical incident that poses serious problems when in confined waters close to shore. The emergency response to NUC ships is to select the best risk control options, which is a challenge in restricted conditions (e.g., time limitation, resource constraint, and information asymmetry), particularly in inland waterway transportation. To enable a quick and effective response, this article develops a three‐stage decision‐making framework for NUC ship handling. The core of this method is (1) to propose feasible options for each involved entity (e.g., maritime safety administration, NUC ship, and ships passing by) under resource constraint in the first stage, (2) to select the most feasible options by comparing the similarity of the new case and existing cases in the second stage, and (3) to make decisions considering the cooperation between the involved organizations by using a developed Bayesian network in the third stage. Consequently, this work provides a useful tool to achieve well‐organized management of NUC ships.     

浅析社会困境

社会困境是指那些使得个体理性导致集体非理性的环境。文章介绍了社会困境在两人和多人环境下的具体含义,详细说明了解决社会困境的可能途径,即动机性、策略性和结构性解决方法。     

Why do participants in voluntary organizations leave? Exploring the relationship between value congruence and length of stay

Recognizing the importance of values and the specific characteristics of participants and situations in voluntary organizations, we examine how value congruence—the fit or compatibility of values between participants and the organization, or among participants—interacts with personal and situational factors to predict participants' length of stay in their organizations. Introducing the case of a voluntary organization that offers shared housing, we measure value congruence through textual similarity in the self‐introduction documents of 49 participants and the organization's mission statement. This approach differs from the self‐reported measures based on participants' perceptions or recalled interactions used in previous studies. In line with expectation‐disconfirmation theory, participants with the strongest beliefs in organizational values had shorter lengths of stay. The amount of intraorganizational communication also moderated the relationship between value congruence and length of stay. This study provides theoretical and methodological implications for nonprofit management by considering personal and situational factors and evaluating value congruence by textual similarity.     

学习迁移的系统理论:PPEE理论模型的建构和意义

学习是人类社会永恒的主题。为了更好地利用过去的经验，增强学习效果，个人和组织进行学习迁移具有重要意义。学习迁移是指将在以往通过学习或解决问题所获得的经验，用于解决之后所遇到的问题。本文力图建立系统的学习迁移理论，研究人、问题、环境的因素对于学习迁移的影响。本文采用理论推导的研究方法，在前人研究的基础上，提出相应的理论模型。本文运用系统的观点，构建了学习迁移的PPEE理论模型，认为人的因素、问题的因素、人和问题的交互作用、以及环境的调节作用，会共同影响学习迁移的效果。本理论主要从五个方面论述学习迁移的机制。首先，将人的因素按照不同层面划分为后端基本能力、中端心理过程、前端知识结构，讨论了其各自对学习迁移效果的直接影响。其次，将问题的因素划分为形象相似性和抽象相似性，并根据这两个维度构建了四种问题间关系类型，并探究了其与学习迁移效果之间的关系。第三，同时考虑人的因素和问题的因素，研究了二者之间的互动对于学习迁移效果的影响。第四，将环境因素划分为时间紧迫性和空间重要性两个维度，探讨了人和环境，以及问题和环境之间的互动对学习迁移效果的影响。第五，基于系统整体的方面，研究人、问题、环境三者之间的互动对学习迁移效果的交互影响。本文还认为，该模型不仅适用于个人，也同样适用于团队、组织、地区、甚至国家和社会等各个层面，影响各个层面主体的学习迁移。本文最后总结了研究的理论和实践贡献，并提出了未来研究课题。本文对丰富学习理论、特别是学习迁移理论，以及推动教育和管理实践的发展进步具有重要的意义。     

On the enumeration of rectangular (0, 1)-matrices

The construction and enumeration of (0, 1)-matrices with given line-sums is described for the rectangular cases often encountered in applications. Improved approximations are provided for the number of such matrices. Some new enumeration results for semi-regular bipartite graphs are included, and the related category of the quasi-semiregular bipartite graphs is recognized. The range of certain elements of products of a (0, I)-matrix is considered as a function of the line-sums. This, in turn, is related to the range in the numbers of interchanges available. Improvements in statistical practice that come from these constructions and enumerations are described.     

浅析新时期高校共青团的功能

高校是培养人才之地,高校共青团组织作为高校的有机组成部分,应立足育人实际,立足党中央、团中央对新形势下共青团职能的定位,充分发挥自身特点,着力履行好"政治思想引领"、"服务"和"保健"三项功能。     

服务型制造网络的Holon协同需求评价方法

依据复杂网络理论分析服务型制造网络Holon协同需求问题，给出一种考虑以直觉正态模糊数表示且多Holon协同的服务型制造网络协同需求评价方法。首先，在区分Holon复合协同和递归协同基础上构建服务型制造网络协同需求评价指标体系；其次，考虑基于网络结构特征的Holon相似稳定性，根据服务型制造网络节点相似性测度分析Holon协同需求特征，并测算不同相似性测度修正的Holon网络结构熵；再次，建立面向服务型制造网络和Holon的有专家信息双向触动反馈机制，反馈包括评价指标和网络协同状况，反馈Holon信息包括基于服务型制造网络演化方向的Holon间协同需求建议和基于服务型制造网络现有状态的网络连通性Holon协同需求建议；最后由INFCWA（INFCWA_R）算子或INFCWG（INFCWG_R）算子分别对复合协同和递归协同评价信息集结并得出评价结论。方法设计过程通过例证分析说明根据服务型制造网络目标控制的Holon协同需求评价改进了群组评价效率。