市场培养期内机场长途巴士时刻表动态优化

为应对日益激烈的竞争,一部分民航机场增加长途巴士服务以强化竞争力,长途巴士开行后机场市场份额逐渐上升的过程通常叫做市场培育期,缩短培育期是强化长途巴士效率与效果的关键.文章站在运营者的角度,以培育期最短、机场市场份额增幅最大、运营成本最低为多重目标,动态优化培育期内机场长途巴士的时刻表,得到培育期内各时点的巴士发车时刻表与机场市场份额的增长曲线.优化模型刻画了乘客机场选择习惯的变化与发车时刻表之间的互动关系,以及前后时间点上机场市场份额的动态联系.计算结果显示,动态时刻表可缩短机场长途巴士的市场培育期,迅速增加机场的市场份额.     

空间面板杜宾模型的Bootstrap Wald-COMFAC检验研究

将共同因子约束(COMFAC)的Wald检验问题引入到空间面板模型中,讨论空间面板杜宾模型与空间面板误差模型的识别问题。蒙特卡洛模拟表明:在有限样本下,基于渐近临界值的Wald检验有着良好的检验功效,但存在着较为严重的尺度扭曲。进一步采用残差Bootstrap方法,在不损失检验功效的前提下,能够显著地降低检验的尺度扭曲。因此,残差Bootstrap方法是更为有效的检验方法。     

Living Behind Dikes: Mimicking Flooding Experiences

Delta areas like the Netherlands are threatened by global climate change. Awareness is, however, rather low. Our research objective was to investigate whether coping responses to flooding risks could be enhanced in a virtual environment (VE). A laboratory experiment was conducted in which participants were exposed to a simulated dike breach and consequent flooding of their virtual residence. We tested the hypothesis that an interactive 3D flood simulation facilitates coping responses compared to noninteractive film and slide simulations. Our results showed that information search, the motivation to evacuate, and the motivation to buy flood insurance increased after exposure to the 3D flood simulation compared to the film and slide simulations. Mediation analyses revealed that some of these presentation mode effects were mediated by a greater sense of being present in the VE. Implications to use high‐end flood simulations in a VE to communicate real‐world flooding risks and coping responses to threatened residents will be discussed.     

Quantifying the Hurricane Catastrophe Risk to Offshore Wind Power

The U.S. Department of Energy has estimated that over 50 GW of offshore wind power will be required for the United States to generate 20% of its electricity from wind. Developers are actively planning offshore wind farms along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts and several leases have been signed for offshore sites. These planned projects are in areas that are sometimes struck by hurricanes. We present a method to estimate the catastrophe risk to offshore wind power using simulated hurricanes. Using this method, we estimate the fraction of offshore wind power simultaneously offline and the cumulative damage in a region. In Texas, the most vulnerable region we studied, 10% of offshore wind power could be offline simultaneously because of hurricane damage with a 100‐year return period and 6% could be destroyed in any 10‐year period. We also estimate the risks to single wind farms in four representative locations; we find the risks are significant but lower than those estimated in previously published results. Much of the hurricane risk to offshore wind turbines can be mitigated by designing turbines for higher maximum wind speeds, ensuring that turbine nacelles can turn quickly to track the wind direction even when grid power is lost, and building in areas with lower risk.     

Passenger Rail Security,Planning, and Resilience: Application of Network,Plume, and Economic Simulation Models as Decision Support Tools

We built three simulation models that can assist rail transit planners and operators to evaluate high and low probability rail‐centered hazard events that could lead to serious consequences for rail‐centered networks and their surrounding regions. Our key objective is to provide these models to users who, through planning with these models, can prevent events or more effectively react to them. The first of the three models is an industrial systems simulation tool that closely replicates rail passenger traffic flows between New York Penn Station and Trenton, New Jersey. Second, we built and used a line source plume model to trace chemical plumes released by a slow‐moving freight train that could impact rail passengers, as well as people in surrounding areas. Third, we crafted an economic simulation model that estimates the regional economic consequences of a variety of rail‐related hazard events through the year 2020. Each model can work independently of the others. However, used together they help provide a coherent story about what could happen and set the stage for planning that should make rail‐centered transport systems more resistant and resilient to hazard events. We highlight the limitations and opportunities presented by using these models individually or in sequence.     

Study of the behaviour of flexible production systems using neural nets

Owing to high development and acquisition costs, production systems require very detailed analysis for pre-design specifications, and an adjustment in operating philosophies. Detailed simulation models are one of the most important instruments to achieve this goal; normally the simulator must be custom-built, based on an accurate study of the specific industrial problem. The proposed management and economical analysis uses mathematical meta-models obtained from experimental designs produced by the simulator; today the detail level and precision required is very high, so these kinds of meta-model operate very close to their limit. Here we present a new methodology based on artificial neural networks that produces new types of meta-models which can correctly represent complex industrial systems. In this work we propose an application of this methodology together with a detailed analysis of the model development phase to highlight the potential of this instrument.     

Improving traceability in continuous processes using flow simulations

Traceability is normally difficult to achieve in continuous processes, since there are no natural batch structures. In this article, we demonstrate flow-based simulation using process data to improve traceability in a continuous pelletising process. Using the simulation model, the engineers could test the impacts of process disturbances, identify cause and effect relations and aid control in case of process disturbances. In a field trial where the chemistry of an additive was varied during production of a special product, the simulation forecasts predicted the level of the chemical content after the plant within the errors that the engineers found acceptable.     

Push-Kanban – a kanban-based production control concept for job shops

Job-shop production in an individual and small-batch manufacturing environment demands producing simultaneously different products in many customised versions and in small numbers. The associated variability of the time-phased work content leads to a high degree of complexity and turbulence in the manufacturing process of such a production type. Therefore, production control becomes significantly more complicated, and many theories on how to cope fail in the real world. Despite the many technological and conceptual advances in the field of job-shop control over the past few decades, there is still a remarkable lack of practical control approaches for job-shop production. For this reason the Push-Kanban production control concept will be introduced in this article. It combines robust push scheduling along with a kanban-driven, decentralised inventory control mechanism to create a holistic control approach, integrating all production control tasks. Thus, it offers a feasible option for controlling job-shop production in industrial practice. This article examines the effectiveness of the concept by means of a simulation study based on real data.     

铁路隧道下穿施工引起既有铁路线路变形规律研究

近年来,随着我国铁路交通的大规模建设,新建铁路以隧道的方式下穿既有铁路越来越多的出现且在大量的工程当中且影响越来越严重。结合京石高铁下穿既有石德铁路工程,对下穿隧道暗挖段进行了数值模拟计算,分析研究了隧道下穿施工时对既有铁路路基沉降、轨道沉降、轨道水平偏差及轨向偏差的变形规律,得出了隧道下穿施工对既有铁路线路的影响,对工程的设计和施工具有一定的指导意义。     

HFC网上行信道突发解调器的一种实现

根据CABLE MODEM协议的规定,对比各种已有的解调方式,提出了一种全新的采用差分四相相移键控实现光纤同轴混合网上行信道突发解调的方法。计算机仿真结果证明该方案是可行的,其锁定较快,且抗噪声性能接近于理论值。