Entropy-based tests of uniformity: A Monte Carlo power comparison

In this article, we consider different entropy estimators and propose some entropy-based tests of uniformity. Critical values of the proposed test statistics are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. Then the power values of the tests for various alternatives and sample sizes are compared. Finally, some recommendations for the application of the proposed tests in practice are presented.     

Constant-partially accelerated life tests for Marshall–Olkin exponential series system with dependent masked data

This paper considers the constant-partially accelerated life tests for series system products, where dependent M-O bivariate exponential distribution is assumed for the components.

Based on progressive type-II censored and masked data, the maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters and acceleration factors are obtained by using the decomposition approach. In addition, this method can also be applied to the Bayes estimates, which are too complex to obtain as usual way. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to verify the accuracy of the methods under different masking probabilities and censoring schemes.     

A DSM-5-Based Online Mental Health Referral Inventory: A Large-Scale Validation Study

In 2007, a comprehensive mental health referral inventory based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) was posted online as an alternative to the informal tests the public now uses to self-diagnose mental health problems. A validation study was published in 2011 (Epstein &; Muzzatti, 2011 Epstein, R., &; Muzzatti, L. (2011). Preliminary validation of an online DSM-based mental health referral inventory. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 29, 284–295. doi:10.1080/15228835.2011.638421[Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). In 2013, a revision of that inventory that was consistent with the DSM-5 was posted. The present study evaluates the new inventory with a diverse sample of 201,625 people from 184 countries (mainly the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom). The 63-item inventory screens for 21 common problems and typically takes about 5?min to complete. Test scores proved to be good predictors of a variety of self-reported criterion measures, including happiness, personal and professional success, history of hospitalization, history of therapy, current participation in therapy, and employment. Females were found to have slightly more mental health problems than males, and effects were also found for education and race/ethnicity. The revised test is more accessible than the original, reducing the reading level from grade 10.2 to 6.6. It is not designed to diagnose; rather, its primary purpose is to refer people to mental health professionals for further evaluation. It can also be used in clinical settings for quick screening purposes.     

反驳克里普克的模态论证

对克里普克的模态论证及其相关环节做了详尽的批判性考察,得出如下结论:(1)关于严格性的直观测试行不通,其中存在一个不合法的跳跃:从"一个对象必定自我同一"这个形而上学论断跳到一个语言哲学命题"一个名称是一个对象的严格指示词";(2)关于严格性的精确定义与引出严格指示词的语言直观相冲突;(3)反驳描述论的模态论证不成立:所谓的"严格指示词"可以归结为在模态语境中取宽辖域的非严格的名称;假设真有所谓的"严格指示词"的话,限定摹状词也可以被严格化,我们仍没有理由否认名称是相应摹状词的缩写。(4)克里普克对关于他的模态论证的宽辖域批评所做的回应也是失败的。所有这些结论都依赖于一个隐含前提:名称和摹状词在模态语境中可以取宽辖域或窄辖域,而此前提在本文中得到了论证。     

Gatekeeping procedures in dose-response clinical trials based on the Dunnett test

This paper discusses multiple testing procedures in dose-response clinical trials with primary and secondary endpoints. A general gatekeeping framework for constructing multiple tests is proposed, which extends the Dunnett test [Journal of the American Statistical Association 1955; 50: 1096-1121] and Bonferroni-based gatekeeping tests developed by Dmitrienko et al. [Statistics in Medicine 2003; 22:2387-2400]. The proposed procedure accounts for the hierarchical structure of the testing problem; for example, it restricts testing of secondary endpoints to the doses for which the primary endpoint is significant. The multiple testing approach is illustrated using a dose-response clinical trial in patients with diabetes. Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed procedure provides a power advantage over the Bonferroni gatekeeping procedure. The power gain generally increases with increasing correlation among the endpoints, especially when all primary dose-control comparisons are significant.     

On the distribution of linear combinations of the components of a Dirichlet random vector

On making use of a result of Imhof, an integral representation of the distribution function of linear combinations of the components of a Dirichlet random vector is obtained. In fact, the distributions of several statistics such as Moran and Geary's indices, the Cliff‐Ord statistic for spatial correlation, the sample coefficient of determination, F‐ratios and the sample autocorrelation coefficient can be similarly determined. Linear combinations of the components of Dirichlet random vectors also turn out to be a key component in a decomposition of quadratic forms in spherically symmetric random vectors. An application involving the sample spectrum associated with series generated by ARMA processes is discussed.     

Diagnosing explainable heterogeneity of variance in random‐effects models

Data‐analytic tools for models other than the normal linear regression model are relatively rare. Here we develop plots and diagnostic statistics for nonconstant variance for the random‐effects model (REM). REMs for longitudinal data include both within‐ and between‐subject variances. A basic assumption is that the two variance terms are constant across subjects. However, we often find that these variances are functions of covariates, and the data set has what we call explainable heterogeneity, which needs to be allowed for in the model. We characterize several types of heterogeneity of variance in REMs and develop three diagnostic tests using the score statistic: one for each of the two variance terms, and the third for a form of multivariate nonconstant variance. For each test we present an adjusted residual plot which can identify cases that are unusually influential on the outcome of the test.     

兼营与混合销售的税收筹划

税收筹划是在不违反法律的前提下,通过对经营、投资、理财活动中涉税事项的筹划和安排,尽可能地减轻税负以实现财务目标。本文说明了企业在兼营与混合销售行为中怎样利用税收筹划达到减轻税负的目的。     

基于联立方程模型的 FDI、产业结构与碳排放互动关系研究

通过中国30个省区1997—2012年能源消费数据,依据电（热）碳分摊原则测算出各省区的碳排放量,运用面板单位根和面板协整理论,建立了包含经济增长、碳排放以及外商直接投资在内的联立方程来分析区域 FDI 与二氧化碳排放的关系。结果表明：联立方程中每个模型的协整关系是成立的,区域 FDI 对区域碳排放的直接弹性是－0．001,间接弹性是0．146,区域产业结构对区域碳排放的直接弹性是0．032,间接弹性是1．882。研究进一步发现区域 FDI、区域经济增长、区域产业结构与区域能源强度都是促进区域碳排放的重要因素,并且区域 FDI 和区域碳排放量对区域经济增长呈现出双向的因果关系。     

医疗“三项联动”改革中的若干问题解析

医疗问题直接关乎公众的生命健康.我国医疗领域正面临着深层次的变革,只有医疗保险制度、医疗卫生体制和医药流通体制三项改革联动,才能更好地保障公众的医疗需求.深化医疗领域改革的关键在于:合理配置医疗资源,建立良好的医疗机构分级救治体系;理顺服务价格,形成合理的医院补偿机制;建立竞争机制,增强医疗资源的供给能力.