Bayesian discrete latent spatial modeling of crack initiation in orthopaedic hip replacement bone cement

In this paper, we propose a spatial model for the initiation of cracks in the bone cement of hip replacement specimens. The failure of hip replacements can be attributed mainly to damage accumulation, consisting of crack initiation and growth, occurring in the cement mantle that interlocks the hip prosthesis and the femur bone. Since crack initiation is an important factor in determining the lifetime of a replacement, the understanding of the reasons for crack initiation is vital in attempting to prolong the life of the hip replacement. The data consist of crack location coordinates from five laboratory experimental models, together with stress measurements. It is known that stress plays a major role in the initiation of cracks, and it is also known that other unmeasurable factors such as air bubbles (pores) in the cement mantle are also influential. We propose an identity-link spatial Poisson regression model for the counts of cracks in discrete regions of the cement, incorporating both the measured (stress), and through a latent process, any unmeasured factors (possibly pores) that may be influential. All analysis is carried out in a Bayesian framework, allowing for the inclusion of prior information obtained from engineers, and parameter estimation for the model is done via Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques.     

空间格义背后的举意与旁观——《日用家当》中“家宅”的心理几何图解

在爱丽丝·沃克的短篇小说《日用家当》中,家宅被赋予了一定的格义属性,这可以被视为19世纪女性主义文学批评语境中的心理现象学介入。家宅格义背后的心理图解划清了个体＂生存空间＂的原型与流变,洋溢着深切的心理几何假设内涵。作者借助不同人物对于家宅的写实性解读,提供了一个富有曲面内涵的边缘记忆空间,揭示了主体的物我元一思想已然深植于家宅意象当中,并以拓扑图腾的同胚形式得以彰显。家宅的心理几何图解立体地刻画了个体在生存空间日渐缩限时的困顿与挣扎,更是直指个体守护本我世界时的一种精神重估,而这正是该部文学作品所隐含的原生代性旨归所在。     

RESEARCH NOTE Some evidence against the assumption that approval of family planning is associated with frequency of spouses' discussion of the subject

Much previous work on the relationship between respondent's reported frequency of discussion with spouse about family planning and correctness of reporting spouse's approval of family planning has led to the conclusion that discussion promotes approval. In this paper, data from the 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys are used to show that a focus on the relationship between frequency of discussion and correctness of reporting partner's disapproval of family planning leads to sceptical conclusions about the effects of discussion in improving knowledge of partner's attitude or in promoting approval.     

1990—2010年长三角地区城市体系的演进——基于人口普查数据的研究

集聚经济和专业化是主导区域城市体系演进的两股主要力量,但二者对区域城市体系中不同城市的增长速度有着不同的影响.前者促进中心城市的发展,而后者主要是促进外围城市的发展.文章使用“四普”、“五普”和“六普”数据资料研究发现,尽管长三角各城市的规模都有了很大的提高,但城市体系内部总体上呈现出扁平化趋势,中小城市发展速度相对更快.这表明,专业化分工是促进长三角城市体系的主要动力.     

A General Multivariate Threshold GARCH Model With Dynamic Conditional Correlations

We introduce a new multivariate GARCH model with multivariate thresholds in conditional correlations and develop a two-step estimation procedure that is feasible in large dimensional applications. Optimal threshold functions are estimated endogenously from the data and the model conditional covariance matrix is ensured to be positive definite. We study the empirical performance of our model in two applications using U.S. stock and bond market data. In both applications our model has, in terms of statistical and economic significance, higher forecasting power than several other multivariate GARCH models for conditional correlations.     

长江经济带城市综合竞争力及空间分异

长江经济带横亘我国东中西部三大地带,是我国经济最发达的一个流域经济带,在我国区域空间发展战略中占据极为重要的地位,城市经济发展是长江经济带发展的主体内容.通过对长江经济带所在41个城市的综合竞争力及构成进行定量模型分析,可以得出城市综合竞争力的总体分布及空间分异状况,并据此提出优化长江经济带城市发展的若干具体建议.     

Structural equation models for area health outcomes with model selection

Recent analyses seeking to explain variation in area health outcomes often consider the impact on them of latent measures (i.e. unobserved constructs) of population health risk. The latter are typically obtained by forms of multivariate analysis, with a small set of latent constructs derived from a collection of observed indicators, and a few recent area studies take such constructs to be spatially structured rather than independent over areas. A confirmatory approach is often applicable to the model linking indicators to constructs, based on substantive knowledge of relevant risks for particular diseases or outcomes. In this paper, population constructs relevant to a particular set of health outcomes are derived using an integrated model containing all the manifest variables, namely health outcome variables, as well as indicator variables underlying the latent constructs. A further feature of the approach is the use of variable selection techniques to select significant loadings and factors (especially in terms of effects of constructs on health outcomes), so ensuring parsimonious models are selected. A case study considers suicide mortality and self-harm contrasts in the East of England in relation to three latent constructs: deprivation, fragmentation and urbanicity.     

A survey of statistical methods on remote sensing in russian literature from 1976 to 1985

In this article we review the major areas of remote sensing in the Russian literature for the period 1976 to 1985 that use statistical methods to analyze the observed data. For each of the areas, the problems that have been studied and the statistical techniques that have been used are briefly described     

Transect-spacing design of ice cores on the Antarctic continent

Chemical analyses of ice cores, drilled deep into an ice sheet, provide a historical record of the earth's atmosphere that dates back as far as 400,000–500,000 years. Although the atmosphere mixes quite well, it is recognized that spatial variability associated with ice-core locations should be allowed for. In this article, spatial statistical methodology is applied to the design question of finding the best spacing of ice-core locations on a partial transect of Antarctica.     

空间诗学与翻译文论的合法化

翻译文论是经由语言载体转换而从一种社会空间进入另一社会空间的文学理论及其语际实践形式.它与空间诗学的理论方法策应互动,逐渐凸显为一个具有独立学术价值的合法性领域,并以其居间性品格和多元系统本质而对当前的西方文论研究有所补正.翻译文论作为文论话语的语际实践形式,发挥着调解、商讨和交换的批评工程功能.对它的研究是文论话语再语境化和文学研究横向超越的有效途径之一.