Some characteristics on the selection of spline smoothing parameter

The smoothing spline method is used to fit a curve to a noisy data set, where selection of the smoothing parameter is essential. An adaptive C_p criterion (Chen and Huang 2011 Chen, C. S., and H. C. Huang. 2011. An improved C_p criterion for spline smoothing. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 141:445–52.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) based on the Stein’s unbiased risk estimate has been proposed to select the smoothing parameter, which not only considers the usual effective degrees of freedom but also takes into account the selection variability. The resulting fitted curve has been shown to be superior and more stable than commonly used selection criteria and possesses the same asymptotic optimality as C_p. In this paper, we further discuss some characteristics on the selection of smoothing parameter, especially for the selection variability.     

Comparison of spline estimator at various levels of autocorrelation in smoothing spline non parametric regression for longitudinal data

The purpose of this research are: (1) to obtain spline function estimation in non parametric regression for longitudinal data with and without considering the autocorrelation between data of observation within subject, (2) to develop the algorithm that generates simulation data with certain autocorrelation level based on size of sample (N) and error variance (EV), and (3) to establish shape of spline estimator in non parametric regression for longitudinal data to simulation with various level of autocorrelation, as well as compare DM and TM approaches in predicting spline estimator in the data simulation with different of autocorrelation observational data on within subject. The results of the application are as follows: (a) implementation of smoothing spline with penalized weighted least square (PWLS) approach with or without consideration of autocorrelation in general (in all sizes and all error variances levels) provides significantly different spline estimator when the autocorrelation level >0.8; (b) based on size comparison, spline estimator in non parametric regression smoothing spline with PLS approach with (DM), or without (DM) consideration of autocorrelation showed significantly different result in level of autocorrelation > 0.8 (in overall size, moderate and large sample size), and > 0.7 (in small sample size); (c) based on level of variance, spline estimator in non parametric regression smoothing spline with PLS approach with (DM), or without (DM) consideration of autocorrelation showed significantly different result in level of autocorrelation > 0.8 (in overall level of variance, moderate and large variance), and > 0.7 (in small variance).     

关于改进我国预算会计制度的思考

我国预算会计制度存在着预算会计体系不合理、政府会计信息透明度不强、财务会计报告不能完整反映政府财务状况等问题。应逐步建立起政府会计体系、政府财务报告制度,逐步实行政府会计制度权责发生制。     

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俞吾金教授近些年来倡导的“重新理解马克思”,令人不能不产生三个疑问：一是“重新理解马克思”是要排斥恩格斯,还是要排斥由马克思和恩格斯共同创立的历史唯物主义?二是“重新理解马克思”应以《1844年经济学—哲学手稿》为依据,还是应以《政治经济学批判〈序言〉》为依据?三是“重新理解马克思”是要恢复马克思的本真面目,还是要随意描绘马克思?     

试论邓小平理论对中国传统民本思想合理因素的继承

邓小平理论是当代中国的马克思主义。一方面 ,它体现了马克思主义的基本原理 ;另一方面 ,作为在中国大地上产生的伟大理论 ,它又继承了中国传统政治哲学思想的合理因素。邓小平理论的重民思想与中国传统民本思想具有历史传承性     

“大学语文”学科基础与课程定位

根据"大学语文"的改革趋向和大学课程设置原理,"大学语文"应以人文思想为学科基础,以人文基础理论为课程定位.     

两岸经济合作框架协议若干问题研究

两岸经济合作框架协议是WTO成员之间的协议,所以协议建立的法律基础应围绕WTO关于区域组织的相关规定进行。框架协议对货物贸易和服务贸易的开放程度符合WTO的规定,对一些难以量化问题有待于在单独协议生效后按照WTO有关规定加以贯彻。框架协议关于"早期收获计划"的规定是其重要内容,其涵盖范围大又兼顾了两岸特点,对框架协议的推行意义重大。关于投资和经济合作问题在单独协议的后续协商中两岸要贯彻互惠互补、先易后难原则。     

乡村旅游发展中的旅游资源利用研究

我国乡村旅游经过20多年的发展,已取得较好的成绩,并呈现出广阔的发展前景.资源可持续利用是乡村旅游发展的基础环节,自然型农事活动、农村的人居环境等各种旅游资源的凭借要素应得到综合配置.文章分析了目前我国乡村旅游发展中存在的许多亟待解决的问题,如开发规模小且档次低、产品开发程度粗浅、缺乏统一的规划管理等资源利用问题;提出从资源开发利用的角度,乡村旅游的发展应对资源进行因人而异的开发,需要构建核心产品域、辅助产品域、扩张产品域三个层次的产品体系;促进旅游开发与生态资源的有机结合,走可持续发展的道路.