北京高校甲组田径优势运动项目分析

通过对北京市入选综合排名前8名学校的优势项目进行统计分析,可以得出以下结论:第一集团学校的优势项目群配置合理,综合排名前四名学校的优势项目群呈现不同程度的重叠现象;各高校优势项目群的消长率增长与降低总体呈交替性波动,整体呈两级分化趋势;速度项目群将会领先于其他项群而得到优先发展.     

Decomposition of Scatter Ratios Used in Monitoring Multivariate Process Variability

Wilks’ ratio statistic can be defined in terms of the ratio of the sample generalized variances of two non-independent estimators of the same covariance matrix. Recently this statistic has been proposed as a control statistic for monitoring changes in the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal process in a Phase II situation, particularly when the dimension is larger than the sample size. In this article we derive a technique for decomposing Wilks’ ratio statistic into the product of independent factors that can be associated with the components of the covariance matrix. With these results, we demonstrate that, when a signal is detected in a control procedure for the Phase II monitoring of process variability using the ratio statistic, the signaling value can be decomposed and the process variables contributing to the signal can be specifically identified.     

A note on maximum Z-scores for control charts for individuals

Control chart limits are often constructed retrospectively based on a sequence of individual measurements. It is shown that the usual control chart limits cannot be crossed for small numbers of measurements.     

A one-sided test for testino homogeneity of scale parameters against simple ordered alternative

In an earlier paper the authors (1997) extended the results of Hayter (1990) to the two parameter exponential probability model. This paper addressee the extention to the scale parameter case under location-scale probability model. Consider k (k≧3) treatments or competing firms such that an observation from with treatment or firm follows a distribution with cumulative distribution function (cdf) F_i(x)=F[(x-μ_i)/Q_i], where F(·) is any absolutely continuous cdf, i=1,…,k. We propose a test to test the null hypothesis H₀:θ₁=…=θ_k against the simple ordered alternative H₁:θ₁≦…≦θ_k, with at least one strict inequality, using the data X_i,j, i=1,…k; j=1,…,n₁. Two methods to compute the critical points of the proposed test have been demonstrated by talking k two parameter exponential distributions. The test procedure also allows us to construct simultaneous one sided confidence intervals (SOCIs) for the ordered pairwise ratios θ_j/θ_i, 1≦i<j≦k. Statistical simulation revealed that: 9i) actual sizes of the critical points are almost conservative and (ii) power of the proposed test relative to some existing tests is higher.     

基于Monte Carlo模拟的STAR模型样本矩性质研究

采用Monte Carlo模拟方法对STAR模型样本矩的统计特性进行研究。分析结果表明:STAR模型的样本均值、样本方差、样本偏度及样本峰度都渐近服从正态分布;即使STAR模型的数据生成过程中不含有常数项,其总体均值可能也不是0,这与线性ARMA模型有显著区别;即使STAR模型数据生成过程中的误差项服从正态分布,数据仍有可能是有偏分布。     

Short run spc based upon the second order dynamic linear model for trend detection

Recently, several new applications of control chart procedures for short production runs have been introduced. Bothe (1989) and Burr (1989) proposed the use of control chart statistics which are obtained by scaling the quality characteristic by target values or process estimates of a location and scale parameter. The performance of these control charts can be significantly affected by the use of incorrect scaling parameters, resulting in either an excessive "false alarm rate," or insensitivity to the detection of moderate shifts in the process. To correct for these deficiencies, Quesenberry (1990, 1991) has developed the Q-Chart which is formed from running process estimates of the sample mean and variance. For the case where both the process mean and variance are unknown, the Q-chaxt statistic is formed from the standard inverse Z-transformation of a t-statistic. Q-charts do not perform correctly, however, in the presence of special cause disturbances at process startup. This has recently been supported by results published by Del Castillo and Montgomery (1992), who recommend the use of an alternative control chart procedure which is based upon a first-order adaptive Kalman filter model Consistent with the recommendations by Castillo and Montgomery, we propose an alternative short run control chart procedure which is based upon the second order dynamic linear model (DLM). The control chart is shown to be useful for the early detection of unwanted process trends. Model and control chart parameters are updated sequentially in a Bayesian estimation framework, providing the greatest degree of flexibility in the level of prior information which is incorporated into the model. The result is a weighted moving average control chart statistic which can be used to provide running estimates of process capability. The average run length performance of the control chart is compared to the optimal performance of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart, as reported by Gan (1991). Using a simulation approach, the second order DLM control chart is shown to provide better overall performance than the EWMA for short production run applications     

Fisher's Hypergeometric Test for a Comparison in a Finite Population

Graphical methods have played a central role in the development of statistical theory and practice. This presentation briefly reviews some of the highlights in the historical development of statistical graphics and gives a simple taxonomy that can be used to characterize the current use of graphical methods. This taxonomy is used to describe the evolution of the use of graphics in some major statistical and related scientific journals.

Some recent advances in the use of graphical methods for statistical analysis are reviewed, and several graphical methods for the statistical presentation of data are illustrated, including the use of multicolor maps.