Urban versus Rural: Fertility Decline in the Cities and Rural Districts of Prussia, 1875 to 1910

Marital fertility in 54 Prussian cities and 407 Prussian Kreise (administrative areas) is analyzed using unusually rich and detailed socioeconomic and demographic data from eight quinquennial census between 1875 and 1910. Pooled cross-section time series methods are used to examine influences on marital fertility level and on marital fertility decline, focusing particularly on fertility differences according to level of urbanization. Increases in female labour force participation rate and income, the growth of financial services and communications, improvement in education, and reduction in infant mortality account for most of the marital fertility decline in 19th century Prussia. In 1875, rural and urban fertility were similar but by 1910, urban fertility was far lower than rural in part because the values of some of these variables changed more rapidly in the cities, and in part because some of these variables had stronger effects in urban settings.     

激光散斑相位差的条件统计分布与表面粗糙度的关系

在粗糙表面高度起伏服从高斯统计和表面服从圆型相关的情况下，分析了由弱散射体产生的远场高斯激光散斑相位差的条件统计分布与表面粗糙度的关系．     

宏观经济统计数据质量的静态诊断

统计数据的真实性是统计的生命线,统计数据质量的高低直接影响统计信息的有用性及价值大小。统计数据质量是当今各级政府和公众关注的热点问题,也是学者研究的重点课题。本研究运用全国31个省市的截面数据,构建了基于区域宏观经济系统的联立方程定量诊断模型,依据此模型对陕西省的地区生产总值、财政收入、居民消费水平和固定资产投资指标进行诊断示范,结果显示构造的定量诊断模型对于区域宏观统计数据质量诊断效果良好。     

对应分析统计检验体系探讨

对应分析因其结果的易读性,近些年得到了越来越广泛的应用。为了更好地应用对应分析,提出建立对应分析统计检验体系,包括对应分析适用性的统计检验以及对应分析效果的检验,同时还提出应用对应分析时应注意的其它问题。     

Target detection from a classical and a Bayesian viewpoint

Two approaches have been used for designing spatial surveys to detect a target. The classical approach controls the probability of missing a target that exists; a Bayesian approach controls the probability that a target exists given that none was seen. In both cases, information about the likely size of the target can reduce sampling requirements. In this paper, previous results are summarized and then used to assess the risk that Roman remains could be present at sites scheduled for development in Greater London.     

统计调查课程的现状与调整思路

文章从统计调查课程设置的现状出发,介绍了当前随着社会经济的发展和统计调查方法体系的改革,统计调查理论体系以及统计调查课程设置的不足,叙述了统计调查课程调整的思路。要实施这个思路,必须重视统计调查对象内容的变化,并注重借鉴国外成熟的经验。为适应形势的发展,随着现行统计调查方法体系的调整与完善,对统计调查课程也要作相应的调整。     

数据挖掘中关联规则的规范化描述

一、引言数据挖掘(Data Mining)是近年来随着人工智能和数据库技术的发展而出现的一门新兴学科。它是从大量的数据中筛选出隐含的、可信的、新颖的、有效的信息的高级处理过程。关联规则(Association Rule)是其中重要的研究课题,是数据挖掘的主要技术之一,也是在无指导学习系统     

The RL2 chart versus the np chart for detecting upward shifts in fraction defective

The use of the np chart for monitoring fraction-defective is well-established, but there are a number of relatively simple alternatives based on run-lengths of conforming items. Here, the RL₂ chart, based on the moving sum of two successive conforming run-lengths, is investigated in order to provide SPC practitioners with clear-cut guidance on the comparative performance of these competing charts. Both sampling inspection and 100% inspection are considered here, and it is shown that the RL₂ chart can often be considerably more efficient than the np chart, but the comparative performance depends on the false-alarm rate used for the comparison. Graphs to aid parameter-choice for the RL₂ chart are also provided.     

流体流法分析图像/话音综合性能的解析解

图像/话音统计复用是用于宽带综合业务数字网的异步转移模式(ATM)的一个重要课题.讨论了用流体流法获得的统计复用排队方程的求解.采用二维变换法求出了特征矩阵所对应的特征根和特征向量的解析解,接着导出了排队的幸存函数和其它统计特征参数.文中的分析得到了数值计算法并被计算机模拟所证实.     

多重数和质心能量的一种可能关系式

在二维平衡态近似下,用玻色统计理论描述高能P,P(P) 碰撞非单衍过程产生的初始“火球”,得到多重数和质心系能量的一种可能关系式。关系式和实验数据符合得很好。