The unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse,self-injury and suicide ideation: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation

Child sexual abuse (CSA) has serious short-term and long-term effects, including non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI). One possible thread linking CSA to NSSI and suicide risk is emotion dysregulation. The current study assessed whether facets of emotion dysregulation mediated relations of NSSI behaviours and functions, and SI. Participants (N = 121; Mean age = 18.69, age-range 18–22; 78 per cent female), college students with a history of childhood trauma, completed an online survey. Results indicated that facets of emotion dysregulation (i.e. clarity, non-acceptance) mediated the relationship between CSA and SI. CSA was associated with automatic negative reinforcement, social negative and social positive reinforcement NSSI functions, but was not associated with NSSI behaviours. Emotion dysregulation facets did not mediate the relationship between CSA and NSSI functions. Findings highlight the need to help CSA survivors have clarity and acceptance of emotional experiences to reduce SI risk. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.     

Family and Household Formations and Suicide in the United States

Family support systems have been theoretically linked to suicide risk. But no research to date has investigated the effects of detailed living arrangements on individual risk of suicide. Using data on 825,462 adults from the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File reveals that living in families with stronger sources of social support and integration decreases risk of suicide. These effects persist despite controls for important individual level characteristics. Risk of suicide decreases for persons in married as well as unmarried families when children are present and risk increases for persons living with unrelated adults. These results reveal the structural importance of family formation on the social integrative forces that contribute to an individual's risk of suicide.     

晚清底层社会老人自杀及其生存状态分析

中国传统社会讲求善终,希望有一个好的人生终点;老有所终,也是儒家所提倡的理想境界。然而,在晚清这样一个动荡的年代,部分底层社会的老人,选择了自杀。以中国第一历史档案馆所藏的刑部档案为主要史料,用历史学和社会学方法对晚清底层社会老人的自杀现象进行梳理,可以分析出自杀的原因及类型,并藉此呈现其生存状态。     

Suicide Prevention Training Program for Gatekeepers Working in Community Hospice Settings

Gatekeepers in community hospice settings encounter patients and caregivers struggling with suicidal thoughts. Limited guidance is available for training staff on the prevention of suicide in hospice care. This study evaluated one promising, evidence-based, suicide prevention program with a behavioral rehearsal practice session. A pre- and post-, one group design, was utilized to measure the training impact and educational needs of staff working in community hospice settings (N =39). Training increased awareness of the risk factors for suicide, as reported by nearly 80% of participants. Self-efficacy scores showed a statistically significant Increase, t(df = 35), ?9.59, p= .00 (two-tailed), from pretraining (n=36, M=2.21, SD= .65) to posttraining (n=36, M=3.03, SD=.56). Satisfaction and the need for additional devoted time for suicide prevention training were highly rated. Suicide prevention training programs can enhance self-efficacy, knowledge, and skills for gatekeepers working in community hospice settings.     

论荒诞的意义--对加谬《西绪福斯神话》的一种解读

荒诞感,散见于20世纪的各个角落,然而它绝不仅仅是某种结论,它象征着一种开端.对加谬而言,正是荒诞开启了意识,它是人的开端.在<西绪福斯神话>中,通过探究荒诞与自杀的关系,加谬试图澄清荒诞对人的真实意义:它意味着人在理性与非理性的极端分裂中找到平衡;它意味着人清醒地面对生活的真相,同时勇敢地挑战命运的磨难;它意味着人从任何形式的依靠中站起来,独自承受可能来临的一切.     

浅析我国大学生自杀的心理原因

我国大学生自杀的心理原因包括人际关系不健康、学习压力大、感情纠葛、家庭不幸与贫苦、心理落差大、自尊心受到所谓＂重创＂及学校、家庭在学生心理教育上的忽视导致学生的心理发展不健康或性格上有缺陷等等。深刻了解大学生自杀的心理原因,进而采取有效措施预防大学生自杀是极为必要的。     

农村女性的迁移与中国自杀率的下降

我国的自杀率在过去20多年出现了一个明显下降的趋势。导致这一趋势的原因有二：一是农村自杀率的下降影响到全国自杀率的下降,二是农村自杀率的下降受到农村女性自杀率下降的左右。针对农村女性自杀率下降的原因,文中的分析着重于改变中国社会结构的大规模人口迁移,即我国境内大批农民离开乡土到城市打工。我国农民的打工潮包括女性的广泛参与。到最近几年,女性离开农村进入城市打工的人数每年有4000万之多。农村女性的大规模迁移规避了三种既往的自杀风险,即农村女性既往的从属地位、既往的家庭纠纷、既往的自杀工具。所以,农村女性的迁移是分析中国自杀率下降的关键之一。     

个体的自我保存与社会学的现代道德人格属性:《自杀论》中的双重结构

根据涂尔干关于自杀的定义,自杀必然意味着有意识的选择死亡。死亡只有一种对立面,即不死,二者之间没有中间项。所以,当涂尔干在《自杀论》中讨论自杀的时候,同时必然是在隐秘地讨论自杀的对立面,即自我保存。在《自杀论》的中译本中,这一隐秘线索的许多证据都被清除,导致书中“自我保存”这一线索在中文学界没有受到重视。本文尝试通过文本分析的方法来理解涂尔干的这一线索。他将不同类型的自杀视为不同道德的极端表达,在具体分析中常常采用一体两面的视角去讨论行动者在何种道德状态下才可能实现“自我保存”。本文试图通过比较说明,涂尔干对这三种自杀类型的界定,以及通过这一界定所呼吁的道德状态,与他对社会学的界定有内在实质的关联。在这个意义上,对于涂尔干来说,社会学本身即是某种现代道德人格的表达,而这种道德人格对于现代性个体与社会学这门学科来说,都具有自我保存的效力。     

Measles: Current Status and Outbreak Control on Campus

Abstract

This study is part of a nationwide research project dealing with all suicides in Finland. It includes all suicides among university students during the 1-year period from April 1, 1987, to March 31, 1988. Ten students (6 men and 4 women) committed suicide during the period studied. The observed suicide rates per 100,000 students per year were 13.8 (95% CI = 5.1–30.1) for men and 9.0 (95% CI = 2.4–22.8) for women. The difference between the observed and expected suicide rate for men (13.8 v 47.7, standard mortality rate [SMR] = 29) was statistically significant. For women (9.0 v 8.3, SMR = 108), the difference was not statistically significant. Most of the suicides had experienced serious difficulties since early childhood, including narcissistic problems, difficulties in human relations, severe depressive periods, previous suicidal behavior, and alcohol problems; they had also had earlier psychiatric treatment.     

Suicide Prevention in the Dot Com Era: Technological Aspects of a University Suicide Prevention Program

Abstract

Western Michigan University's Suicide Prevention Program utilizes multiple technological components, including an online training course, a Web site, and 2 social networking Web site profiles, as integral aspects of a comprehensive program. This article discusses the development, maintenance, use, and impact of the technological aspects of this program, which complement other program activities in meeting program goals. The Web site and use of social networking Web sites have been very well received by members of the university and wider community. Although initial outcomes of each component are positive, low participation in the online training course has limited the usefulness of pretest–posttest comparisons. It is thought that other campus suicide prevention programs may benefit from using technology as a primary method in their suicide prevention programming efforts.