价值迷失与农村老人自杀——基于湖北京山J村的个案研究

农村老人自杀与结构转型、价值迷失有关,其诱因包括为子代着想、家庭矛盾、孤独无力、疾病困扰等。农村老人自杀的背后是农民价值系统的作用。农民价值可分为本体性价值、社会性价值、主体性价值。本体性价值是基础,社会性价值是重要补充,它们统一于伦理性的“过日子”实践中,共同受村庄文化网络规范。主体性价值是本体性价值、社会性价值丧失后的伴生物,与现代性进村密切相关。家庭生活伦理性的丧失、村庄生活规范性的弱化造成农村老人本体性价值的坍塌、社会性价值的丧失和主体性价值的被迫选择,使其价值安放出现混乱,自杀成为归宿。     

No One Theory of Suicide: The Experience of a Cancer Patient Who Killed Himself

More than a million people worldwide die by suicide annually, and more than 30,000 of them in the United States. Cancer patients are two to four times more likely to die by suicide than the general population. The purpose of this article is to use the results of a phenomenological psychological autopsy to (1) illustrate the interplay of the interpersonal and intrapersonal circumstances of one colon cancer patient’s struggle and ultimate suicide, and (2) demonstrate that health and mental health practitioners need to use more than one theory of suicide to inform their assessment of risk. The findings present a telling picture of the struggles of the decedent, and the authors recommend how the results inform health and mental health practitioners’ practice, policy, and research related to suicide prevention.     

Suicidality among homeless people: Testing the mediating effects of self-efficacy and depression

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional study examined the mediating effect of PTSD on suicide ideation and suicide attempt through two mediators, self-efficacy and depression, among homeless adults. We recruited a non-random, purposive sample of 156 homeless adults from seven homeless people shelters in Kansas. SEM results suggest that self-efficacy and depression were significant mediators between PTSD and suicide ideation, but not between PTSD and suicide attempt. This study’s findings can be used to identify risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors that can be used to design service programs aimed at preventing suicidal ideation and attempt among people who are homeless.     

The Impact of Community Size on Lesbian and Bisexual Women's Psychosexual Development

SUMMARY

We tested competing hypotheses about the impact of rural-urban gradients on sexual minorities with a public Internet chat room sample (n = 82) and a community-owned coffee house sample (n = 92). We found associations between rural-urban gradient and reports of paternal maltreatment as a child as well as self-disclosure of sexual orientation to a family member. In the coffee house sample, rural-urban gradient mediated the mean age at which participants self-disclosed their sexual orientation to another person, close friend, family member, and parent, though it was associated in the Internet sample only with disclosure of sexual orientation to a family member. Rural-urban gradient was not associated with suicidal intent or victimization.     

Mites and Wee Beasties

Abstract

The subtitle of this paper could be “Humans versus Arthropods.” Of the several classes of arthropods, Arachnida and Insecta are the most important from the public health standpoint. Arthropods are among man's most formidable competitors and they can affect the health of humans by being vectors of pathogenic microorganisms, by invading tissues, by inoculating poisonous substances, and by being pests.

A review is made of public health aspects of some arthropods that might be seen on a university or college campus. The diseases and infestations caused by mites (scabies), lice (pediculosis), bed bugs, fleas, and ticks are discussed.     

Help Seeking and Treatment Use Among Suicidal College Students

Abstract

Objectives: Many suicidal college students do not receive mental health treatment, and the reasons for this are not fully understood. This study examines how attitudes, beliefs, and social network factors relate to help seeking among suicidal students. Participants: A random sample of 8,487 undergraduate and graduate students from 15 US universities participated. Methods: A Web-based survey administered in spring 2009 examined correlates of mental health service utilization among students reporting serious thoughts of suicide in the previous year (n = 543). Results: Correlates of treatment use included perceived need, beliefs that treatment is effective, contact with service users, lower personal stigma, higher perceived stigma, fewer positive relationships, and sexual minority or Caucasian identity. Conclusions: Help seeking among suicidal students is associated with a range of personal and social network factors. Campus strategies to enhance help seeking should be tailored to address identified facilitators and barriers to treatment use among target populations.     

Social Work Practitioner Knowledge and Assessment of Late-Life Depression

Late-life depression has attracted considerable attention in the social work literature. This study examined levels of knowledge and self-efficacy (confidence) in evaluation of depression in late life among a random sample of social workers (N = 168) from the National Association of Social Workers. Relationships among knowledge on aging, job-related variables, and predictors of knowledge of geriatric depression were examined. Participants ranked depression as one of the most frequent clinical problems seen in practice, scored at the lower end on knowledge about aging, and experienced great difficulty on the items pertaining to suicide in the older adults.     

农村老年人自杀风险的社会工作干预模式 ———以抗逆力视角为例

农村老年人自杀是中国社会快速发展过程中凸显出来的一个特殊失范问题,既有宏观社会结构、文化方面也有微观个体的原因。与传统公共卫生视角、社会政策与保障视角不同,社会工作专业化的自杀干预模式强调宏观与微观、环境与个体的联结,对于降低农村老人自杀率具有重要的意义。以提升老年人抗逆力为项目目标,通过一个农村敬老院老年人自杀风险干预的社会工作实践,对社会工作干预模式的过程进行了介绍,以期为社工介入农村老年人自杀提供循证研究。并据此提出,为了减少农村老年人的自杀现象,较合理的路径就是结合中国当前正大力推动的社会工作人才队伍建设活动,积极发展本土化、专业化、社区为本的社会工作老年人自杀干预模式。     

生命难以承受之重——关于大学生自杀现象的思考

近年来,大学生自杀现象屡见不鲜,究竟是什么原因导致了这些风华正茂的大学生如此践踏生命？在吸取了很多高校及学者的经验,从内外因两方面进行了分析,希望借此能够引起全社会对大学生自杀问题的关注并一起寻求有效解决途径。