清朝咸同年间滇东南回民捍卫民族生存斗争的性质辨析——对马德新、马如龙的重新评价

清代咸同年间爆发的滇东南回民反对清政府的抗暴自卫斗争,具有维护民族生存自立的性质,与滇西杜文秀领导的各族反清大起义不同,故对其领导人马德新、马如龙不能以简单的投降、叛徒论之,而应给予客观评价。     

全国新农村建设综合评价研究

针对我国各地新农村建设情况，提出一种有效的评价方法。从生产发展、生活保障、文明与环境这3个方面，建立全国新农村建设综合评价指标体系。以31个省、市、自治区为例，运用层次分析法建立综合评价模型，经过运算，确定各地新农村建设的综合发展状况，并给出具体分析。     

Improving the Efficiency of the Nelson–Aalen Estimator: the Naive Local Constant Estimator

Abstract.  The Nelson–Aalen estimator is well known to be an asymptotically efficient estimator of the cumulative hazard function, see Andersen et al. ( Statistical models based on counting processes , Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993) among many others. In this paper, we show that the efficiency of the Nelson–Aalen estimator can be considerably improved by using more information in the estimation process than the traditional Nelson–Aalen estimator uses. While our approach results in a biased estimator, the variance improvement is substantial. By optimizing the balance between the bias loss and the variance improvement, we obtain results on the efficiency gain. Several examples for known failure time distributions are used to illustrate these ideas.     

大麦籽粒灌浆特性的研究

本文通过对十二个大麦品种籽粒灌浆“S”曲线的描绘,发现决定粒重的关键时期是在开花后22～37天,此期积累的物质占最大粒重的60%以上,单粒体积一般在开花后37天前后达到最大值。籽粒含水量在开花台47天就迅速降到20%左右。     

The Jackknife estimate of covariance of two Kaplan–Meier integrals with covariables

In this paper the Jackknife estimate of covariance of two Kaplan–Meier integrals with covariates is introduced. Its strong consistency is established under mild conditions. Several applications of the estimator are discussed.     

Expanded renal transplantation: a competing risk model approach

Multi-state models (MSMs) are useful to analyze survival data when, besides the event of main interest, one or more intermediate states of the individual are identified. These models take the several existing states and the possible transitions among them into account. At the same time, covariate effects on each transition intensity may be investigated separately and, therefore, MSMs are more flexible than the standard Cox proportional hazards model. In this work, we use MSMs to investigate the impact of the quality of a transplanted kidney for a group of patients at the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Specifically, we use an illness-death model to study the evolution of patients with kidney disease who received a renal transplant after a dialysis period. The intermediate state is defined as the failure of the received organ, while the terminating state is the death of the patient. In order to increase the potential number of organs available for transplant, the standards of quality for the transplanted kidneys were relaxed (the new criteria are labeled expanded criteria), and these ‘expanded kidneys’ were transplanted in appropriate candidates (older patients, with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus). Results suggest that the expanded kidneys have a minor effect on survival, while both the kidney mortality and the risk of death increase with the patient's age and the serum creatinine and serum hemoglobin levels.     

Time to Diagnosis: Accounting for Differential Endpoint Follow-up in Multi-Cohort Studies

Cox regression is widely used to analyze discrete survival time data. Differential endpoint follow-up across sub-cohorts where distribution of a covariate varies may cause typical estimators to be biased or inefficient. We demonstrate that with Cardiovascular Health Study data for incident type 2 diabetes. Two cohorts with extremely different race distribution have differential follow-up for fasting glucose levels. We study various scenarios of Cox regression. We suggest an alternative approach, Poisson generalized estimating equations with an offset to accommodate the differential follow-up. We use simulations to contrast the methods.     

走向本真的存在-人类超越生存探究

"生存"是人类生命的永恒主题,而人作为生存主体则赋予了生存以全新的涵义.在某种意义上说,生存和超越就是人类生命的基底和耸峰相伴而行,它开拓了更广阔的生存可能.同时,人的主体性、生存超越性也在促使人类对自身的终极关怀.因此,对于人类整体而言,生存的阐释和探析,能够使人类正视自己的生存,从而引导人们的超越性,走向人类本身的存在.     

中国共产党的人权观

在八十多年的争取、维护、促进、改善中国人民人权的奋斗历程中 ,中国共产党形成了自己丰富而独特的人权理论 ,概括起来有以下六个方面 :第一 ,生存权是首要的基本人权 ;第二 ,公民的政治权利与经济文化权利必须兼顾并重 ,全面发展 ;第三 ,主权高于人权 ;第四 ,人权既有共同性 ,又有阶级性 ;第五 ,人权是一个渐进的历史过程 ,其实现和发展程度受到各种现实条件的制约 ;第六 ,找到了一条适合中国国情的促进和发展人权的道路