Elementary School-age Children's Attitudes Toward Children in Same-Sex Parent Families

As numbers of families with same-sex parents increase in the United States, children are more likely to encounter diverse family structures. Given that young children can demonstrate in-group bias, prejudicial attitudes, and social exclusion, it is important to understand how children perceive their peers in diverse families. To our knowledge, no studies have assessed elementary-school-age children's attitudes about same-sex parent families. Here, 131 elementary school students (M_age = 7.79 years; 61 girls) viewed images of same-sex (female and male) and other-sex couples with a child and then were asked about their perceptions of these families, particularly the children. Results indicated participants' preferences toward children with other-sex versus same-sex parents. Developmental and practical implications about children's attitudes toward sexual minority parent families are discussed.     

河北省优秀传统文化的近期偏好、现代阐释和愿景设计

河北省作为京津冀协同发展及其雄安新区建设的重要一环,具有很强文化资源禀赋。通过对河北省传统文化近期偏好、现代阐释和愿景设计的研究,为河北省消除地区文化差异和经济差异提供理论指导,并为之注入现代内涵,具有很强的现实意义和理论意义。     

学前儿童性别教育的研究现状及其启示

学前儿童性别教育的有关研究表明,社会上还存在着根深蒂固的性别歧视和性别偏见,身处特定环境中的学前教育教师以及图画书、教学媒体等仍然带有较强的性别歧视和性别偏见等性别刻板印记。为此,国家需要在学前儿童性别教育研究的基础上重视学前教育阶段的性别平等教育,制定相关的政策,建立性别教育的终身教育体系,构建教师性别平等教育的培训网络平台,以现代性别教育理念为指导,基于对儿童生理差异的尊重,设计出适合学前儿童身心发展特点的性别教育课程,全面有效地实施性别平等教育。     

基于社会需求的高校毕业生就业竞争力研究

社会需求是检验高校毕业生就业竞争力的"试金石"。本文在文献综述的基础上,通过对社会需求单位的调查,构建了高校毕业生就业竞争力评价指标体系;运用层次分析法(AHP)确定了高校毕业生就业竞争力评价指标权重;最后,以某高校为例,采用模糊综合评价方法进行了实证分析,证明了评价指标体系具有一定的实用性和可操作性。     

面向现代航空制造需求的飞行器制造工程专业本科培养方案改革——基于南京航空航天大学实践的思考

现代航空制造技术的发展对本科生的知识结构和培养模式等方面提出了许多新的要求,最主要体现在对专业知识的系统性、课程内容的前沿性、培养模式的实践性等环节的提升。改革的思路沿着现代航空制造技术的发展主线,拓展飞行器制造工程专业的前沿知识框架,建立突出实践环节的模块化专业课程群,提出面向职业规划的套餐式选课,创新综合成绩绩点的评估方法。     

中国投资者股利偏好行为的实证分析

运用超额收益法对深圳和上海证券市场的股利政策市场效应进行实证研究,探析不同类型股利的市场效应及投资者行为。结果表明,中国证券投资者在投资决策过程由于受心理因素的影响,对于不同类型的股利政策做出了不同的市场反应,并表现出一定的股利偏好行为,即证券投资者对现金股利政策,尤其稳定的现金股利政策表现出明显的喜好行为,而对于不分配股利政策却表现出了漠视效应行为。     

博彩者特征和彩票功能悖论

一些经济学理论认为理性的人可能在一定情形下因偏好风险而参加博彩,而一些心理学实验研究则发现博彩者可能存在系统性的心理偏误。对理论的分析发现,彩票对穷人更具有吸引力且博彩者存在非理性心理。国内实证文献也支持这两个结论。如果博彩行为是非理性行为,那么博彩业就有利用人们非理性幼稚心理牟利的嫌疑。政府宣称发行彩票的目的是筹集资金用于社会公益事业,这就形成了一个悖论,即从贫穷群体那里筹集资金来改善他们的处境。     

Measuring the health patterns of the ‘mixed/multiple’ ethnic group in Britain: data quality problems,reporting issues,and implications for policy

The ‘mixed’ group, officially recognised in the 2001 Census, is one of the most rapidly growing ethnic groups in Britain. Although ‘mixed’ categorisation was added to ethnic coding in NHS datasets, our knowledge of health patterns for this population is meagre. Data quality problems remain a key obstacle, including poor reproducibility of the data and constraints on reporting due to sparse data bias. The consequent minimal and indicative evidence base has focused mainly on risky health behaviours, mental health and generic measures of self-rated health, as it has in the U.S.A. and Canada. There is negligible information on the main underlying causes of death, such as neoplasms, heart disease and stroke. Consideration should be given to pooling data across multiple years of health and general purpose surveys to enable reporting for the four ‘mixed’ categories and adjustment for mediating factors and relevant confounders, such as measures of socio-economic status.     

Synthetic double sampling s chart

This study proposes a synthetic double sampling s chart that integrates the double sampling (DS) s chart and the conforming run length chart. An optimization procedure is proposed to compute the optimal parameters of the synthetic DS s chart. The performance of the synthetic DS s chart is compared with other existing control charts for monitoring process standard deviation. The results show that the synthetic DS s chart is more effective for detecting increases in the process standard deviation for a wide range of shifts. An example is provided to illustrate the operation procedure of the synthetic DS s chart.     

Estimates of subgroup treatment effects in overall nonsignificant trials: To what extent should we believe in them?

In drug development, it sometimes occurs that a new drug does not demonstrate effectiveness for the full study population but appears to be beneficial in a relevant subgroup. In case the subgroup of interest was not part of a confirmatory testing strategy, the inflation of the overall type I error is substantial and therefore such a subgroup analysis finding can only be seen as exploratory at best. To support such exploratory findings, an appropriate replication of the subgroup finding should be undertaken in a new trial. We should, however, be reasonably confident in the observed treatment effect size to be able to use this estimate in a replication trial in the subpopulation of interest. We were therefore interested in evaluating the bias of the estimate of the subgroup treatment effect, after selection based on significance for the subgroup in an overall “failed” trial. Different scenarios, involving continuous as well as dichotomous outcomes, were investigated via simulation studies. It is shown that the bias associated with subgroup findings in overall nonsignificant clinical trials is on average large and varies substantially across plausible scenarios. This renders the subgroup treatment estimate from the original trial of limited value to design the replication trial. An empirical Bayesian shrinkage method is suggested to minimize this overestimation. The proposed estimator appears to offer either a good or a conservative correction to the observed subgroup treatment effect hence provides a more reliable subgroup treatment effect estimate for adequate planning of future studies.