A conceptual approach to the creation of public–private partnerships in social welfare

All societies are confronted with complex, often difficult to overcome, challenges associated with changing population demographics. These challenges have placed increasing demands on society for social protection. Individual citizens, politicians, and scholars alike all are searching for the ideal configuration of the welfare mix, that is, a combination of various institutions that can offer the best possible combination of essential goods and services for everyone in every society. Key Practitioner Message: ● The organization of the public–private welfare partnership as viewed from a conceptual perspective; ● The unique contextual and contemporary social forces that shape public–private partnerships in modern welfare state practice; ● Contrasts in the origins and nature of public–private partnerships between two of the world's most populous countries whose histories, traditions, values, and norms differ fundamentally from one another. Even so, considerable learning regarding welfare state formation in different societies is possible through the application of the Public–Private Development Mix to the analysis of welfare state formation in these two contrasting societies.     

基于价格调整的长寿风险自然对冲策略

在长寿风险对冲框架下,通过引入外生的产品价格,构建了基于价格调整的自然对冲模型。首先运用最优化理论得到了模型最优产品配比的解析式,然后在实际的销售配比与模型的最优配比相等的约束下,推导出了寿险产品和年金产品的最优定价。该定价能够使得模型的最优配比真正被实现,即销售的配比刚好是使产品组合长寿风险最小化的最优配比。最后通过数值算例,阐述了基于价格调整的自然对冲策略的效果,并进一步分析了利率、承保年龄、性别等因素对自然对冲策略的影响。     

中国健康保险产品的市场定位——以重庆市为例

针对健康保险产品的市场营销问题,以重庆寿险公司健康险产品为研究对象,依据定位钻石模型及保险营销管理理论,进行保险市场的细分,选出针对健康险目标市场的经营方案。研究结果为中国健康保险产品的市场营销具有指导作用。     

面向产品生命周期的物流营销组合策略

通过分析市场营销与物流营销的关系,认为物流营销是通过物流活动来达到扩大市场、促进销售的策略,是市场营销的组成部分,也是需求链最具活力的环节;市场营销是物流的前提,而物流又是实现营销活动的保证。只有把物流与营销结合成一个共同的竞争战略,物流营销才能够成为一个有效的系统。不同产品生命周期阶段的物流营销活动和营销策略不同,于是从产品生命周期的角度探讨物流营销活动,提出相应的物流营销组合策略,及物流营销过程的应用。     

Hybridization in China's elder care service provision

Although the party‐state has embarked on a mission to increase elder care services, evaluating this development according to different sectors demonstrates certain challenges. Official statistics do not include sector‐specific information, and while provider websites suggest that elder care services are largely in public hands, Chinese experts argue that they are mostly “civilian‐run.” How can we explain these discrepancies in data on Chinese elder care? Drawing on the concept of hybridization and triangulating quantitative and qualitative data, I argue that the party‐state's efforts to “socialize” elder care provision has resulted in hybridization within the industry which blurs the line between care providers and obfuscates the stark role of the state in elder care service provision. During the implementation of state‐initiated hybridization, providers misclassify their ownership type to benefit from financial incentives or circumvent political control, resulting in even greater hybridization and fragmentation on the ground.     

Breaking the mould: new trajectories in the domiciliary care of older people in Ireland

This article reviews the development of domiciliary care services for older people in Ireland over the last decade. It reveals three central developments, namely (i) the first steps, in the Irish context, towards a quasi-market; (ii) the introduction of cash-for-care and the subsequent notable segmentation of care tasks among three provider groups; and (iii) a rapidly increasing reliance on for-profit private home care providers. The authors conclude that while the Irish social care regime is still anchored in important ways in the primacy of informal (family) care and the subsidiarity principle, it has broken path-dependency by evolving towards an increasingly complex mix of public, not-for-profit and for-profit provision and financing. The most policy-relevant aspect of this new constellation is the lack of a regulatory framework that would enable the State to monitor the multiple and diverse providers with the view to ensuring the quality of home care services.     

21世纪企业新的内部营销:变革管理与战略执行观

21世纪企业新的内部营销,我们称之为内部营销的变革管理与战略执行观。很多企业尤其是服务企业虽在进行内部营销,但是,大多仅仅局限于一般化的培训、沟通、激励等手段的应用。实际上,这仍然是将员工看成一个无差异的整体,实行的是大规模营销策略,缺乏对内部市场的细分以及差异化的内部营销组合策略。21世纪企业新的内部营销需要首先细分内部市场,然后针对性地提出相应的内部营销实施组合策略。     

关于内外均衡的政策搭配的两个常见误解及修正

国内许多国际金融的相关著作在讨论斯旺图形和蒙代尔指派法则时 ,往往把经济分成四种失衡状态 ,并分别给出一个实现内外均衡应采取的政策组合。这种政策组合表是错误的 ,实际情况是 ,在同一失衡下可能需要采取几种不同的政策组合 ,而几种不同的失衡状态可能需要采取相同的政策组合 ,并且 ,有时为了实现内外均衡所应该采取的政策组合 ,与只考虑内部或外部均衡目标时应采取的政策是正好相反的     

农业资本主义演进的“美国式道路”及其新发展

理论界一般认为，列宁关于农业资本主义演进的“美国式道路”，是按照“土地国有化→小自耕农经济的普遍出现→资本主义雇佣制大农场占据主导地位”这样一种逻辑发展起来的。其实不然，“美国式道路”的真正含义是国会与大地产商、金融集团联合控制西部待垦土地资源并以地租形式分配资本平均利润的过程，是国家与金融资本联盟和用资本替代土地和劳动的过程。     

Public/Private Pension Mix,Income Inequality and Poverty among the Elderly in Europe: An Empirical Analysis Using New and Revised OECD Data

Prior studies have suggested that higher public pensions are associated with lower income inequality among the elderly, whereas the reverse is true for private pensions. Van Vliet et al. ( 2012 ) empirically test whether relative shifts from public to private pension schemes entail higher levels of income inequality among the elderly using panel data from the OECD SOCX and the EU‐SILC databases. Contrasting earlier empirical studies using either cross‐sectional or time‐series data, they do not find evidence that shifts from public to private pension provision are associated with higher levels of income inequality or poverty among the elderly. The aim of the current article is to extend the analysis of Van Vliet et al. by: (1) adding additional countries; (2) adding additionally available years; and (3) using revised OECD SOCX data. In contrast to Van Vliet et al., we find that a greater relative importance of private pensions is associated with higher levels of income inequality and poverty among the elderly. A central explanation of the difference in conclusions stems from the revision of OECD SOCX data.