论承租人优先购买权的权利属性

法律对承租人的优先购买权只是做出了原则性的规定,具体的制度设计法律并没有明文,这造成司法实践中原被告双方就影响双方权利义务关系的实质性问题争论不休和法官在行使自由裁量权的情形下,同案不同判决结果的现象。本文就承租人优先购买权的权利性质、具体的制度设计、出租人出卖租赁物时通知义务的履行方式等主要问题提出自己的见解和观点,以期对民法典的制定贡献自己的绵薄之力。     

Cash‐for‐care payments in Europe: Changes in resource allocation

Resource allocation has been a main policy issue in cash‐for‐care schemes (CfCs) for older people in Europe since their inception. It regards how publicly funded care benefits and services are distributed among older people. The raising pressures of an ageing population and the tensions on the financial sustainability of welfare regimes in place have further exacerbated the relevance of this topic over the recent years. Nevertheless, comparative research so far has overlooked changes in resource allocation in CfCs over time. This article contributes to fill this gap, exploring changes in resource allocation of CfCs for older people in a sample of European countries—Austria, England, France, Germany, Italy, and The Netherlands—since the early '90s (or since the introduction of the scheme). It examines three analytical dimensions: (a) The mix of public services and benefits provided to older people (CfCs, community services in kind, residential care); (b) the level of CfCs coverage; and (c) its generosity. A combined view of these dimensions leads to the discussion of two dilemmas: How to allocate the resources devoted to CfCs in the light of the trade‐off between its coverage and intensity? And, within the whole long‐term care system, how to allocate resources between CfCs and services in kind?     

一种座位组合优化的计算方法及仿真分析

在餐饮服务收益管理中,座位组合与分配是一种重要的容量控制方法,它能够更好地实现餐厅供应结构与需求特征的匹配.本文提出了一种餐厅座位组合优化的计算方法,通过应用Flexsim系统仿真分析和实例研究,验证了该优化方法能够有效提高餐厅繁忙时段的资源分配效率,显著增加餐厅收益,提高收益率,缩短顾客 排队的平均等待时间,增加顾客满意度;在餐厅收益和顾客服务绩效两类指标上,都非常接近于枚举法给出的座位组合方案.该计算方法在理论上保持了与餐厅收益率RevPASH计算的一致性;在应用上易获取数据,计算过程简单,便于在管理实践中推广.     

Product mix in the TFT-LCD industry

As operational costs and equipment depreciation in the TFT-LCD (thin film transistor-liquid crystal display) industry are a high percentage of the total cost, most manufacturers usually fully utilise their production capacity to reduce the average unit cost. However, when the market demand is less than the supply the stock of panels increases; this forces manufacturers to instigate a price war to reduce levels of stock and results in a wide fluctuation in panel prices. Inventory stocks of panels could be decreased by optimising the product mix. This will help manufacturers to reduce the risk of holding stocks, increase profit, and improve competitive advantage. This study uses mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to construct a product mix for the TFT-LCD industry given the conditions of profit, productivity, raw materials supply, and market demand. A case study shows that this model is proven to be effective in generating product mix for the TFT-LCD industry while improving profit. The product mix generated by this model can provide a reference for the sales department for orders and shipping, for the production department for the order quantity, and for master production scheduling for each product.     

东北老工业基地产业结构竞争力探析

运用产业竞争力评价理论,从产业结构水平、产业高级化、产业结构效益及分工优势等方面建立了区域产业结构竞争力评价体系.通过对东北老工业基地2005年产业结构竞争力的比较分析,显示出东北老工业基地各产业规模较小、素质较低,但产业结构效益较好,承担分工职能的装备制造业等产业未来有较大的发展空间.但在发展中,东北老工业基地仍存在体制改革滞后、专业化合作水平低、资源浪费及技术落后等问题,因此必须充分利用装备制造业的竞争优势,在完善技术创新体系,加快国有企业改革,加强区域合作,发展循环经济等方面采取有力措施,才能使东北老工业基地承担起其在全国的分工职能,从而实现重新振兴的历史重任.     

竞争博弈下新创企业混合柔性技术战略决策研究

运用博弈论求解不同竞争策略下两企业的最优产能、新创企业的最大生存概率和成熟企业的最大利润,得出了二者的竞争均衡.研究表明,在竞争中,新创企业应选择无柔性技术;当需求波动较大时,成熟企业应选择混合柔性技术;当两种产品市场总需求容量较大时,成熟企业选择混合柔性技术能使其获得更多的收益.     

共有人与承租人优先购买权相关问题探析

在实践中,共有人优先购买权和承租人优先购买权的冲突确实存在,当冲突发生时究竟该如何处理,无论是在理论上还是在实践中,均存在很大的争议。共有人和承租人优先购买权何者优先,是一个司法工作者在具体个案中进行利益衡量的博弈过程,也是市场秩序和物尽其用两种价值目标的博弈过程,不能一概而论。     

Bringing Together Housing and Aging Services

Aging organizations generally do not consider housing issues as an important priority. Research suggests that lack of knowledge may be a significant barrier that prevents their involvement in housing-related activities. This article reports on a study that examined the extent and level of AAAs' involvement in housing-related activities with particular attention to instances of cooperation and collaboration between AAAs and housing agencies. It employed a national survey of Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs). Further, since the lack of knowledge about housing is a barrier to involvement, the study examined the role of a housing specialist in motivating higher levels of activity. Though there is no single overall indicator of activities to do with housing, the results indicate a range of activities pursued by AAAs. The presence of a housing specialist within the AAA generally served as a catalyst, motivating higher levels of this kind of activity. The importance of housing as a component of a comprehensive long-term care continuum is also discussed.