Multi-level issues in evolutionary theory, organization science, and leadership

Multi-level issues are critical in the physical, social, and behavioral sciences. We articulate issues related to multiple levels of analysis in theory building and theory testing and explore them from evolutionary theory (ET) and organization science and leadership (OSL) perspectives. Specifically, analogous multi-level concepts and notions in ET and OSL are identified, aligned, and illustrated. Ideas from evolutionary psychology are included in the ET perspective, while notions from the varient approach are included in the OSL perspective. Several exemplars in OSL that incorporate ET and multi-level perspectives are presented. Numerous examples and lessons learned from ET and implications of multi-level issues and multiple levels of analysis for future theory building and theory testing in OSL are discussed as well.     

基于专利数据测度我国技术能力的计量方法与模型研究

综述了应用专利数据测度技术能力的理论和方法的演化,并分析了专利数据计量技术能力的优缺点。通过引入专利数据,构建了专利数据计量我国技术能力的模型,并且进行了实证分析。利用单位检验、协整检验和效度检验等方法,建立误差修正模型,分析专利数据与技术能力的关系。结果表明,我国专利数据具有可靠的计量技术能力的功能,专利数据测度技术能力不仅存在长期的稳定性,而且短期内具有很好的均衡修正作用。     

普通话水平测试员考场用语规范研究

语言是人们交流思想、表达感情、传递信息的最重要工具。在普通话水平测试中，测试员的考场用语直接影响着应试人的情绪及其普通话水平的正常发挥。本文通过普通话水平测试员在测试过程中的语言实例，就规范测试员考场用语的意义，测试员考场用语遵循的原则，以及测试员考场用语中体态语的使用等诸多问题进行了探究。阐明对测试员考场用语进行有效的总结、归纳和研究，是保证测试质量的重要手段，并以此达成规范测试员考场用语之目的。     

Likelihood ratio test for testing order of continuous time finite markov chains

Anderson and Goodman ( 1957) have obtained the likelihood ratio tests and chi-square tests for testing the hypothesis about the order of discrete time finite Markov chains, On the similar lines we have obtained likeli¬hood ratio tests and chi-square tests (asymptotic) for testing hypotheses about the order of continuous time Markov chains (MC) with finite state space.     

A Review of Automated Assessment

Summary

The following briefly overviews current computer tools available for clinical testing, diagnostic, and interviewing purposes. The impact of these computer-based assessment tools is then assessed in terms of empirical evidence regarding their performance and client response. The paper concludes with a discussion of training needs ana issues.     

A study of simple unbalanced factorial designs that use type ii and type iii sums of squares

Methods for analysing unbalanced factorial designs can be traced back to the work of Frank Yates in the 1930s . Yet, still today the question on how his methods of fitting constants (Type II) and weighted squares of means (Type III) behave when negligible or insignificant interactions exist, is still unanswered. In this paper, by means of a simulation study, Type II and Type III ANOVA results are examined for all unbalanced structures originating from a 2x3 balanced factorial design within homogeneous groups (design types) accounting for structure, number of observations lost and which cells contained the missing observations. The two level factor is further analysed to test the null hypothesis, for both Type II and Type III analyses, that the unbalanced structures within each design type provide comparable F values. These results are summarised and the conclusion shows that this work agrees with statements made by Yates Burdick and Herr and Shaw and Mitchell-Olds, but there are some results which require further investigation.     

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Chlamydia/Gonorrhea Testing Among Heterosexual College Students: Who Is Getting Tested and Why Do Some Not?

Abstract

Objective: This study explored college students’ reported history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chlamydia/gonorrhea and characteristics of students reporting testing. Additionally, it assessed their motivation regarding future testing and reasons for lack of motivation. Participants: The sample consisted of 292 sexually experienced college students self-identifying as heterosexual at a midwestern university. Methods: Participants completed a 26-item survey during the 2010–2011 academic year. Results: Demographics (sex, age, race/ethnicity), behaviors (higher numbers of sex partners, currently not using condoms), and motivation for future testing distinguished those who had been tested ever and those who had not. Half of participants were not motivated to seek testing in the next 3 months; the most common reason for no motivation being perceived lack of risk. Conclusions: Interventions promoting testing can use these findings to target those likely to never have been tested. These results also highlight the need to find ways to motivate students to get tested.     

Usability testing,initial implementation,and formative evaluation of an evidence-based intervention: Lessons from a demonstration project to reduce long-term foster care

The field of child welfare faces an undersupply of evidence-based interventions to address long-term foster care. The Permanency Innovations Initiative is a five-year federal demonstration project intended to generate evidence to reduce long stays in foster care for those youth who encounter the most substantial barriers to permanency. This article describes a systematic and staged approach to implementation and evaluation of a PII project that included usability testing as one of its key activities. Usability testing is an industry-derived practice which analyzes early implementation processes and evaluation procedures before they are finalized. This article describes the iterative selection, testing, and analysis of nine usability metrics that were designed to assess three important constructs of the project's initial implementation and evaluation: intervening early, obtaining consent, and engaging parents. Results showed that seven of nine metrics met a predetermined target. This study demonstrates how findings from usability testing influenced the initial implementation and formative evaluation of an evidence-supported intervention. Implications are discussed for usability testing as a quality improvement cycle that may contribute to better operationalized interventions and more reliable, valid, and replicable evidence.     

对当代新型组织模式的几点思考

归纳了传统和当代组织模式的分类、特点与缺陷;针对组织模式的先验假设该如何看待的问题,从对传统组织模式和当代新型组织模式的分析中提出了刚性组织模式和弹性组织模式两个模式假说,并构建了相应哲学层面上的新组织模式框架图,阐述了其推动力量和实现构支柱。其推动力量为:与组织生存的空间和时间的匹配;与环境互适;组织能动性得到发挥;对组织未来发展起重要作用的潜因素的适度掌控。实现构架的支柱,即合作中的竞争;沟通;协商;适度平等的文化氛围。     

On the first order regression procedure of estimation for incomplete regression models

This article discusses some properties of the first order regression method for imputation of missing values on an explanatory variable in linear regression model and presents an estimation strategy based on hypothesis testing. This work was carried out before Professor V.K. Srivastava passed away in 2001. The author is grateful to the referees for their illuminating comments on an earlier draft of this paper.