Integrating Work-Related Issues on Gay and Lesbian Employees into Occupational Social Work Practice

Social workers in employee assistance programs are increasingly being asked to assist employers in responding more fully to minority group members. This paper reviews the current state of governmental and corporate policies and business practices involving gay and lesbian workers. It also proposes practice interventions and change strategies for the workplace to respond more fully to the needs of such a client population.     

中国语言测试之源与流

我国语言测试始于20世纪70年代后期的英语水平考试，桂诗春先生对中国语言测试做出了具有开创性的学术贡献。我国语言测试学者探索了一系列新理论、新技术与新方法，从测试内部问题入手，稳步提升语言测试的科学性。语言测试在理论层面的研究呈现出明显的跨学科特征，认知科学、教育测量学、心理学及隶属于应用语言学范畴的二语习得均为测试的研究与实践提供了思路。进入21世纪，学界开始转向对语言测试外部因素的关注。在深度融合教学与评价的过程中，未来学界需要继续探究如何提升语言测试的科学性、如何有效应用《中国英语能力等级量表》以及如何对考试的社会性予以关切。     

Testing equality of several exponential distributions

Roy's union-intersection principle is used to develop a test procedure to test the equality of scale parameters of several exponential distributions. Upper five and one percent values of the test statistic for two and three exponential distributions are tabulated and an illustrative simulated example is qiven.     

旋转扇形流量调节门及其在通风机性能测试中的应用

本文介绍一种新型气体流量调节门——旋转扇形流量调节门的结构原理,调节特性,对比试验结果及其在通风机性能自动测试中的应用。试验结果表明,该调节门是一种较为理想的流量调节装置,完全适用于通风机性能测试。     

Tiered Chemical Testing: A Value of Information Approach

In December 2000 the EPA initiated the Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program (VCCEP) by asking manufacturers to voluntarily sponsor toxicological testing in a tiered process for 23 chemicals selected for the pilot phase. The tiered nature of the VCCEP pilot program creates the need for clearly defined criteria for determining when information is sufficient to assess the potential risks to children. This raises questions about how to determine the "adequacy" of the existing information and assess the need to undertake efforts to reduce uncertainty (through further testing). This article applies a value of information analysis approach to determine adequacy by modeling how toxicological and exposure data collected through the VCCEP may be used to inform risk management decisions. The analysis demonstrates the importance of information about the exposure level and control costs in making decisions regarding further toxicological testing. This article accounts for the cost of delaying control action and identifies the optimal testing strategy for a constrained decisionmaker who, absent applicable human data, cannot regulate without bioassay data on a specific chemical. It also quantifies the differences in optimal testing strategy for three decision criteria: maximizing societal net benefits, ensuring maximum exposure control while net benefits are positive (i.e., benefits outweigh costs), and controlling to the maximum extent technologically feasible while the lifetime risk of cancer exceeds a specific level of risk. Finally, this article shows the large differences that exist in net benefits between the three criteria for the range of exposure levels where the optimal actions differ.     

运用“三个代表”思想建立对实践主体的检测机制

"三个代表"不仅是一个伟大的理论思想,而且也是一个伟大的实践命题,每一个党员都是实践这个重要思想的微观主体。对实践主体进行检测有其必要性,应运用"三个代表"思想建立对实践主体的检测机制。检测机制建设需要几个基本条件并具有长期性。     

Asymptotic properties of Bayes risk for one-sided tests

Consider a given sequence {T_n} of estimators for a real-valued parameter θ. This paper studies asymptotic properties of restricted Bayes tests of the following form: reject H₀:θ ≤ θ₀ in favour of the alternative θ > θ₀ if T_n ≤ C_n, where the critical point C_n is determined to minimize among all tests of this form the expected probability of error with respect to the prior distribution. Such tests may or may not be fully Bayes tests, and so are called T_n-Bayes. Under fairly broad conditions it is shown that and the T_n-Bayes risk where a_n is the order of the standard error of T_n, - is the prior density, and μ is the median of F, the limit distribution of (T_n – θ)/a_nb(θ). Several examples are given.     

Comparing Survival Times for Treatments with Those for a Control Under Proportional Hazards

Inferences for survival curves based on right censored data are studied for situations in which it is believed that the treatments have survival times at least as large as the control or at least as small as the control. Testing homogeneity with the appropriate order restricted alternative and testing the order restriction as the null hypothesis are considered. Under a proportional hazards model, the ordering on the survival curves corresponds to an ordering on the regression coefficients. Approximate likelihood methods, which are obtained by applying order restricted procedures to the estimates of the regression coefficients, and ordered analogues to the log rank test, which are based on the score statistics, are considered. Mau's (1988) test, which does not require proportional hazards, is extended to this ordering on the survival curves. Using Monte Carlo techniques, the type I error rates are found to be close to the nominal level and the powers of these tests are compared. Other order restrictions on the survival curves are discussed briefly.     

Distance Testing for Selecting the Best Population

Consider testing the null hypothesis that a given population has location parameter greater than or equal to the largest location parameter of k competing populations. This paper generalizes tests proposed by Gupta and Bartholomew by considering tests based on p -distances from the parameter estimate to the null parameter space. It is shown that all tests are equivalent when k →∞ for a class of distributions that includes the normal and the uniform. The paper proposes the use of adaptive quantiles. Under suitable assumptions the resulting tests are asymptotically equivalent to the uniformly most powerful test for the case that the location parameters of all but one of the populations are known. The increase in power obtained by using adaptive tests is confirmed by a simulation study.