肃清封建残余:社会主义初级阶段的一项重要任务

封建残余是我国社会主义前进道路上的障碍 ,必须予以肃清 ;封建残余在我国社会主义初级阶段的今天仍然存在有其深刻的根源 ;封建残余在现阶段表现在政治、经济、社会等各方面 ;肃清封建残余是一项复杂的系统工程 ,需要综合治理     

组件技术在微机测试系统中的应用研究

介绍了组件技术在一种具体的测试软件系统中的应用和组件技术在微机测试系统中提高软件的重用性和可靠性的作用，讨论了利用组件技术封装的硬件系统，并给出了封装实例。     

略谈外语测试中的常见误区

测试对外语教学有着正面或负面的影响 ,本文结合测试实践列举并剖析了测试中普遍存在的 2 0个误区 ,并提出了切实可行的对策。这对于改善测试质量 ,增强测试的效度和信度和提高教学水平均具有重要意义     

论分权制衡理论视野中的司法独立与新闻自由之关系

鉴于分权制衡理论的科学性和大众传媒在当代社会的崛起,司法独立和新闻自由的关系应当从分权制衡理论视野中得以考察。据此,二者之间存在既相互促进又相互冲突的双重关系,并且这两种关系各具不同的表现形式,这应当构成我国进行相关司法改革的认识前提。     

公司本质属性的动态分析

揭示公司的本质是公司立法的重要前提。借鉴传统理论和现代学说之长,利用动态分析的新思路,可更加充分地展示公司在生存的不同时段表现出的不同特色,并由此抽象出公司的多重本质属性,即生成的契约性、经营的独立性和责任的有限与保留性。     

Linear Bayesian Inference for Accelerated Weibull Model

In this paper, we present a Bayesian approach for inference from accelerated life tests when the underlying life model is Weibull. Our approach is based on the General Linear Models framework of West, Harrison and Migon (1985). We discuss inference for the model and show that computable results can be obtained using linear Bayesian methods. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach by applying it to some actual data from accelerated life tests. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

High Stakes: Time Poverty,Testing, and the Children of the Working Poor

Sociological interest in the implementation of policy generally focuses on the ways a single stream of policy creates a set of measurable consequences either for parents or children. This article takes an ethnographic approach to the study of conflicting policy mandates that collide in the lives of families moving from welfare to work at the same time that schools are implementing high stakes tests and the end of social promotion. We show that these two policies make contradictory demands on parents, to the potential detriment of children. Ethnographic research reveals the ways in which multiple and incompatible forms of policy impact poor families, putting them in the unhappy position of choosing between economic stability or mobility and children's educational performance.     

Cost–benefit analysis of a PMTCT program in Mozambique

The costs and benefits of a HIV/AIDS PMTCT program in a Mozambican city were calculated. The provision and non-provision of infant feeding formula were considered, along with voluntary counselling and testing, and anti-retroviral treatment with Nevirapine. Costs were calculated in monetary units and benefits as deaths averted and disability-adjusted life years. The UNAIDS cost-effectiveness tool for evaluating ARV drug and substitute feeding interventions was used. The costs of the program were compared with the costs of treating HIV-infected children. With no infant feeding formula, there would be a total savings of US$5242 and a negative cost per DALY of US$1.53 without infant feeding formula. With formula, net annual costs would be US$141,268 and cost per DALY US$38.69. Citywide, each year 132 infant deaths would be averted by use of Nevirapine and eight averted by the breastmilk replacement program. All program options have reasonable cost-effectiveness ratios.     

A pivot function and its limiting distribution: applications in goodness of fit and testing hypothesis

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a pivot function which is in terms of the sample and the underlying population distribution is introduced. It is assumed that the population distribution is continuous and strictly increasing on its support. Then, the martingale central limit theorem is applied to prove that limiting distribution of the pivot function is the standard normal. Interestingly, this result provides a unified procedure that can be applied for the goodness of fit, and for the purpose of parametric and nonparametric inferences, for the populations having distribution functions that are continuous and strictly increasing on their supports. The method is fairly simple and can be easily applied.     

Uniform hypothesis testing for finite-valued stationary processes

Given a discrete-valued sample X₁, …, X_n, we wish to decide whether it was generated by a distribution belonging to a family H₀, or it was generated by a distribution belonging to a family H₁. In this work, we assume that all distributions are stationary ergodic, and do not make any further assumptions (e.g. no independence or mixing rate assumptions). We would like to have a test whose probability of error (both Types I and II) is uniformly bounded. More precisely, we require that for each ? there exists a sample size n such that probability of error is upper-bounded by ? for samples longer than n. We find some necessary and some sufficient conditions on H₀ and H₁ under which a consistent test (with this notion of consistency) exists. These conditions are topological, with respect to the topology of distributional distance.