闺阁中之羁人志士 妾媵中之孽子孤臣——试论明清文人对明末“冯小青事”的道德解读

从中国古代的传统道德、家礼家范入手,分析发生在明末至清代的"冯小青现象",并进一步证明,通过文人对其人及其生存环境的解读,冯小青从一个现实中的才女演变成为那一时代的道德偶像。文人对"冯小青事"的道德解读最终实现了阅读视野的突破,冯小青这一人物形象既有着历史的厚重感又充满了时代的因素。     

规范与失范——清代平民家庭夫妻冲突问题研究

中国文化从家庭出发,认可的两性关系就是夫妻关系。古代的礼教、国法、家法族规无一不重视规范这一家庭核心关系。在此规范体系下,虽然"夫主妇从"型和谐夫妻关系是理想的古代夫妻关系,但是暴力冲突型的夫妻关系也在平民家庭中占有相当的比重,而形成这一失范的夫妻关系的原因同样也要从上述规范中去寻找,规范与失范的夫妻关系共同构成了古代家庭的生活的实态。     

The umvue and bayes estimate of reliability of mixed failure time distribution

We study the reliability estimates of the non-standard mixture of degenerate (degenerated at zero) and exponential distributions. The Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (UMVUE) and Bayes estimator of the reliability for some selective prior when the mixing proportion is known and unknown are derived. The Bayes risk is computed for each Bayes estimator of the reliability. A simulated study is carried out to assess the performance of the estimators alongwith the true and Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of the reliability. An example from Vannman (1991) is also discussed at the end of the paper.     

The Impact of Parental Remarriage on Children

Abstract

A meta-analysis of 61 studies was undertaken to determine the impact of parental remarriage on the academic achievement and psychological well-being of children, of which the vast majority were adolescents. Separate analyses were done on studies that did and did not use sophisticated controls in their analyses. Comparisons were made between children from remarried versus intact families as well as children from remarried and divorced or widowed single-parent families. Children from remarried family structures achieved academic levels that were generally more than two-tenths of a standard deviation lower than children from intact families. Children from remarried families also achieved somewhat lower levels than children from corresponding single-parent family structures. The difference between children from remarried families and children from intact families was nearly two- tenths of a standard deviation for measures of psychological well-being, for studies that did not use sophisticated controls and was somewhat less for studies that did use sophisticated controls. The significance of these results is discussed, doi: 10.1300/J002v40n04_05     

Unpacking Within‐Household Gender Differences in Partners' Subjective Benefits From Household Income

The authors examine how contributions to household resources, indicated by employment status, influence satisfaction with household income (SWHI) for members of male/female couples. They take changes in SWHI, which may differ within couples, to indicate changes in perceived benefits from their common household income, benefits that can go beyond individual consumption. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey for 2,396 couples from 1996 to 2007, three gender effects are identified. First, men predominate in making the type of contribution that most positively influences SWHI, namely, full‐time employment. Second, the effect of contributions depends on the gender of the contributor, with men's employment being more influential than women's. Third, within couples, making the more influential contribution, as men tend to do, leads to relatively greater SWHI. The authors conclude that gender asymmetry in contributions made to household resources is one way in which gender inequalities invade and inhabit households.     

Asymptotic non-null distribution of a test of equality of exponential populations

In this paper further asymptotic expansions of the non-null distribution of the likelihood ratio criterion for testing the equality of several one parameter exponential distributions are obtained when the alternatives are close to the hypothesis. These expansions are obtained for the first time in terms of beta distributions.     

Dementia Special Care Units

Abstract

Despite continued interest and growth in special care units in the United States, there is no uniform agreement on characteristics for these units, specific outcomes, or satisfaction with them. This study examined family satisfaction with Dementia Special Care Units (SCUs) using a modified standardized instrument and follow-up interviews. The study included five SCUs in one state, three participating in a dementia SCU demonstration project. Family outcomes were evaluated using surveys and interviews. The only significant difference between facilities in the demonstration project and the comparison facilities was one variable noting family with residents in the demonstration project had more positive perceptions regarding resident safety. The study illustrates a need for policy makers to more clearly identify and regulate special aspects of SCUs, taking family perceptions into consideration.     

鉴真弟子法进的在日活动——鉴真和上解任僧纲为止

法进是鉴真和上弟子中最为特殊的一位,其不仅与鉴真同样位至大僧都,而且还继承了东大寺戒坛院和唐禅院,在奈良时代的佛教界发挥了巨大的作用。在戒律思想传至日本、最初展开的时期,朝廷对鉴真僧团极为期待。法进跟随鉴真和上同心协力,不负众望,大力推动了戒坛的建立、授戒的展开、经论的讲读、经典的书写等。此外,法进本人也携带大量经论赴日,倾力于戒律思想的传播。鉴真僧团结识当时的实力者即以光明皇太后为首的藤原仲麻吕等藤原一族并建立了良好的关系,其中法进功不可没。     

Measurement Error Correction by Exploiting Gene–Environment Independence in Family‐Based Case–Control Studies

Abstract. Family‐based case–control designs are commonly used in epidemiological studies for evaluating the role of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure to risk factors in the etiology of rare diseases. Within this framework, it is often reasonable to assume genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure being conditionally independent of each other within families in the source population. We focus on this setting to explore the situation of measurement error affecting the assessment of the environmental exposure. We correct for measurement error through a likelihood‐based method. We exploit a conditional likelihood approach to relate the probability of disease to the genetic and the environmental risk factors. We show that this approach provides less biased and more efficient results than that based on logistic regression. Regression calibration, instead, provides severely biased estimators of the parameters. The comparison of the correction methods is performed through simulation, under common measurement error structures.     

内向的小佳如何变成孩子王——幼儿交往发展中的家庭影响因素典型个案研究

交往能力在个体终身成长中的作用显著，家庭是影响幼儿交往能力发展的至关重要的环境。本文通过对一则典型案例的调查访谈，梳理分析，揭示了在一个孩子交往行为发展进程中家庭因素的变化，以及可能对幼儿交往行为造成的影响。鲜活生动的事例便于身处其中的幼儿父母、幼教工作者们对照反思，以获取实用的育儿心得，对培养幼儿交往行为的发展具有一定指导和借鉴意义。