唐五代牡丹传播研究

唐至五代，牡丹在各地广泛传播，受到各个阶层的喜爱，社会由此掀起了一股喜爱牡丹的热潮。牡丹热是社会、经济、文化、技术等发展到一定程度的产物。研究唐五代牡丹的地理分布，从多个角度分析牡丹得以广泛传播的原因，有助于我们了解唐五代时的社会习俗及其文化风貌。     

通信网告警加权关联规则挖掘算法的研究

关联规则挖掘算法是通信网告警相关性分析中的重要方法。在处理数量庞大的告警数据库时,算法的效率显得至关重要,而经典的FP-growth算法会产生大量的条件模式树,加权算法MINWAL(O)则需要多次扫描数据库,使得在通信网环境下挖掘关联规则的难度非常大。该文提出了一种高效的基于加权频繁模式树的通信网告警关联规则挖掘算法,算法性能测试表明,该算法与已有的加权关联规则挖掘算法相比较,节约了大量的存储空间,提高了算法的挖掘速度,对通信网的故障诊断和故障定位有着积极的意义。     

江苏省杨树栽植户纵向协作形式选择的影响因素分析

以江苏省杨树栽植农户为例,对影响农户纵向协作形式选择的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,户主及家庭特征和交易成本等因素影响了杨树栽植农户销售渠道的选择行为。其中,户主受教育程度、家庭中是否有读书的孩子、家庭中是否有人从事非农职业、栽植规模、能获得一个好的价格和买方声誉好等因素对农户选择合同销售有正的影响,其它则有负的影响或者影响不显著。农户选择销售渠道的主要目的是为了减少不确定性,降低交易成本。     

明代坐隐园主人和园址的研究——以新发现的汪廷讷家族家谱为基础

坐隐园是主人汪廷讷在万历二十八年(1600)建造的一座私家园林,规模宏大,景点众多。时至今日,在坐隐园园址和园主家世这两个方面的研究依然存在一些不清晰的地方,亟待后续的研究进行澄清。通过对新发现的《汪氏谱略》《颍川越荫堂汪氏家谱》《环翠堂华衮集》进行分析,得到了汪廷讷的家族成员和后代的信息。同时,证明了汪廷讷是汪仕齐的亲生儿子而不是义子,更正了长期以来学术界对汪廷讷个人身份的一个误解。同时找到了有关坐隐园位置的新证据,进一步证明了坐隐园园址位于安徽省休宁县东部的万安镇汪村(今黄山市经济开发区新潭镇陈坑村)。     

Fault and Event Tree Analyses for Process Systems Risk Analysis: Uncertainty Handling Formulations

Quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is a systematic approach for evaluating likelihood, consequences, and risk of adverse events. QRA based on event (ETA) and fault tree analyses (FTA) employs two basic assumptions. The first assumption is related to likelihood values of input events, and the second assumption is regarding interdependence among the events (for ETA) or basic events (for FTA). Traditionally, FTA and ETA both use crisp probabilities; however, to deal with uncertainties, the probability distributions of input event likelihoods are assumed. These probability distributions are often hard to come by and even if available, they are subject to incompleteness (partial ignorance) and imprecision. Furthermore, both FTA and ETA assume that events (or basic events) are independent. In practice, these two assumptions are often unrealistic. This article focuses on handling uncertainty in a QRA framework of a process system. Fuzzy set theory and evidence theory are used to describe the uncertainties in the input event likelihoods. A method based on a dependency coefficient is used to express interdependencies of events (or basic events) in ETA and FTA. To demonstrate the approach, two case studies are discussed.     

Combining Linear and Non-Linear Objectives in Spanning Tree Problems

A classical approach to multicriteria problems asks for the optimization of a suitable linear combination of the objectives. In this work we address such problems when one of the objectives is the linear function, the other is a non-linear one and we seek for a spanning tree of a given graph which optimizes the combination of the two functions. We consider both maximization and minimization problems and present the complexity status of 56 such problems, giving, whenever possible, polynomial solution algorithms.     

唐诗槐意象的文化与文学观照

唐代沿袭周代以来视槐树为三公之位的文化心理，在长安的街道与宫廷广植槐树。但是，考察唐诗发现，槐的政治意蕴已经退化，从政治符号衍变成了情感符号，并成为一个重要的文学意象。槐意象既是一个时间意象，也是一个空间意象。对于游子而言，槐暗示其与故乡的距离；对于举子而言，槐暗示考试的时间。诗人的时空体验是槐意象的文学意蕴得以建构的内在机制，游宦、赴举等新的文化是外在动因。唐诗中的槐意象传达出流寓者的漂泊情怀、举子的科场心态。     

IRUSRT: A Novel Imbalanced Learning Technique by Combining Inverse Random Under Sampling and Random Tree

In this article, a novel technique IRUSRT (inverse random under sampling and random tree) by combining inverse random under sampling and random tree is proposed to implement imbalanced learning. The main idea is to severely under sample the majority class thus creating multiple distinct training sets. With each training set, a random tree is trained to separate the minority class from the majority class. By combining these random trees through fusion, a composite classifier is constructed. The experimental analysis on 23 real-world datasets assessed over area under the ROC curve (AUC), F-measure, and G-mean indicates that IRUSRT performs significantly better when compared with many existing class imbalance learning methods.     

明清时期华北宗族的发展——以山西洪洞刘氏为例

明清时期山西洪洞刘氏与当时南方的宗族一样,从明中后期开始组织化.刘氏从默默无闻的家族崛起,成为当地的望族,发展起宗族组织,并从明中叶维持到清末,主要原因在于科举的成功,农商结合的经济以及响应政府的教化活动,此外与大族联姻也起到一定的作用.洪洞刘氏虽然经历了明清鼎革,但是其宗族建设进程并未断裂,在清朝继续保持其优越的政治地位.刘氏宗族在清代通过进一步加强宗族建设,使宗族组织化,宗族经济增强,反映了明清华北宗族历史发展的连续性.     

Probability and Possibility‐Based Representations of Uncertainty in Fault Tree Analysis

Expert knowledge is an important source of input to risk analysis. In practice, experts might be reluctant to characterize their knowledge and the related (epistemic) uncertainty using precise probabilities. The theory of possibility allows for imprecision in probability assignments. The associated possibilistic representation of epistemic uncertainty can be combined with, and transformed into, a probabilistic representation; in this article, we show this with reference to a simple fault tree analysis. We apply an integrated (hybrid) probabilistic‐possibilistic computational framework for the joint propagation of the epistemic uncertainty on the values of the (limiting relative frequency) probabilities of the basic events of the fault tree, and we use possibility‐probability (probability‐possibility) transformations for propagating the epistemic uncertainty within purely probabilistic and possibilistic settings. The results of the different approaches (hybrid, probabilistic, and possibilistic) are compared with respect to the representation of uncertainty about the top event (limiting relative frequency) probability. Both the rationale underpinning the approaches and the computational efforts they require are critically examined. We conclude that the approaches relevant in a given setting depend on the purpose of the risk analysis, and that further research is required to make the possibilistic approaches operational in a risk analysis context.